Grant List
Represents Grant table in the DB
GET /v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1419&sort=start_date
{ "links": { "first": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1&sort=start_date", "last": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1423&sort=start_date", "next": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1420&sort=start_date", "prev": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1418&sort=start_date" }, "data": [ { "type": "Grant", "id": "15724", "attributes": { "award_id": "2519776", "title": "The geography of H5N1 avian influenza in the United States: Human-environment ecosystem drivers of transmission and viral evolution", "funder": { "id": 3, "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62", "name": "National Science Foundation", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "Unknown", "Human-Envi & Geographical Scis" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 1931, "first_name": "Jeremy", "last_name": "Koster", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2025-10-01", "end_date": null, "award_amount": 496076, "principal_investigator": { "id": 32774, "first_name": "Michael", "last_name": "Emch", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 32773, "first_name": "Xiu-Feng H", "last_name": "Wan", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 166, "ror": "https://ror.org/0130frc33", "name": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "NC", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "This project investigates how avian influenza (bird flu) spreads and undergoes genetic changes and identifies the key factors driving these genetic changes and spread. It elicits the spatial and genetic patterns of avian influenza in birds, mammals, and humans, aiming to assess the pandemic potential of this virus, which has had a 50% mortality rate in people infected during the past 30 years. Understanding the risk of spillover to humans requires a comprehensive understanding of the influenza ecosystem, an interconnected network of factors involving humans, animals, and the environment. The findings are being organized into a database for public access to support translation of what is learned from the project to practice by informing and optimizing measures to mitigate both the economic impacts on the agricultural sector, a core sector of the bioeconomy, and the public health risks posed by emerging influenza variants. This study aims to understand the genetic evolution of avian influenza, particularly a highly pathogenic H5N1 virus lineage over time and identify the ecological factors that drive human infections and viral change. Central to the study is a systematic analysis and characterization of the spatiotemporal distributions of viral genotypes and their genetic divergence from precursor avian influenza viruses. It leverages advanced geospatial modeling, machine learning, and geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI) techniques to identify key viral traits, such as transmission potential and virulence, and to elucidate geographic ecosystem factors that influence the spread and evolution of the virus. The study generates a publicly available database that integrates information on more than 20,000 avian influenza viruses with associated human-animal-environment ecosystem variables. This database subserves translational support for research and private-sector preparedness. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "keywords": [], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "15810", "attributes": { "award_id": "1I01CX002988-01", "title": "Long-term Cardiometabolic Disease in COVID-19", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [], "start_date": "2025-10-01", "end_date": "2029-09-30", "award_amount": null, "principal_investigator": { "id": 44213, "first_name": "Ziyad", "last_name": "Al-Aly", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 3364, "ror": "", "name": "ST. LOUIS VA MEDICAL CENTER", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MO", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Background: People with COVID-19 have increased risk of death and cardiometabolic disease including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and kidney disease. However, the evidence base is limited in 3 key aspects: (1) Existing studies have characterized the risks of adverse outcomes associated with earlier variants of SARS-CoV-2 and have limited follow-up. (2) It is not clear whether an annual vaccination for COVID-19 beyond the third dose reduces risk of adverse events. (3) Comparative analyses of COVID-19 vs. influenza are helpful to benchmarking risks but are only available for earlier variants and for limited follow up. Significance/Impact: Our proposal aims to answer key questions that are critical to guiding public health policy – including 1) characterizing short- and long-term risks of old, new and yet to emerge variants and subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 (proxied by the era in which they predominate); 2) on an ongoing annual basis, evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing risks of adverse health outcomes; and 3) on an ongoing basis, provide a comparative assessment of COVID-19 vs seasonal influenza. The proposal is specifically designed to address several key research questions outlined in the US Government National Research Action Plan on Long Covid. The results will have direct and substantial real-world impact in informing policy and clinical care. Innovation: The proposal leverages the unique power of the VA’s large-scale electronic health records and recent methodologic innovations in causal inference and clinical epidemiology to expand the evidence base about the health effects of COVID-19 and the role of vaccines. Specific Aims: To use healthcare data from the VA to: (1) characterize the acute and long-term risks of death and cardiometabolic disease in people with COVID-19 from 2020-2029, cohorted into variant-predominant eras, versus a matched historical control; (2) evaluate the effectiveness of receipt of the COVID-19 vaccine in each year (from 2022-2029) in reducing risk adverse health outcomes in the 12 months after receipt of the vaccine; and (3) comparatively evaluate the acute and long-term risks of death and cardiometabolic disease in people hospitalized for COVID-19, cohorted into variant-predominant eras, versus those hospitalized for seasonal influenza in each influenza season (from 2020 to 2029). Methodologies: VA electronic health record data will be used to construct independent cohorts for each aim and outcome being examined. COVID-19 test results and vaccination data will be collected form the COVID-19 Shared Data Resource, VA laboratory data and Medicare data. Incident outcome definitions validated for use with EHR data will be used. Inverse probability weighing will be used to balance for individual-level patient characteristics (predefined and algorithmically selected covariates), contextual characteristics, and characteristics related to the pandemic. Censoring weights will additionally be used to address situations that may result in informative loss to follow- up. Survival and mixed effect regression models will then be used to estimate differences in risk of outcomes between the COVID-19 exposure group of interest and reference groups, and estimates will be reported as hazard ratios and adjusted incidence rates, or differences in slopes. Implementation/Next Steps: Results from this proposal will inform public health policies (e.g. vaccine policies) and clinical care. Future studies will investigate optimizing care of people with cardiometabolic disease.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Acute", "Address", "Algorithms", "Benchmarking", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 impact", "COVID-19 risk", "COVID-19 test", "COVID-19 vaccination", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Cardiometabolic Disease", "Cardiovascular Diseases", "Caring", "Cessation of life", "Characteristics", "Data", "Diabetes Mellitus", "Diagnosis", "Dose", "Dyslipidemias", "Effectiveness", "Electronic Health Record", "Enrollment", "Equilibrium", "Event", "Federal Government", "Future", "Health", "Health Care", "Health Policy", "Hospitalization", "Incidence", "Individual", "Infection", "Influenza", "Interest Group", "Kidney Diseases", "Knowledge", "Laboratories", "Long COVID", "Long-term Follow-up", "Medicare", "Methodology", "Modeling", "Outcome", "Patients", "Persons", "Policies", "Probability", "Proxy", "Public Health", "Recording of previous events", "Reporting", "Research", "Risk", "Risk Reduction", "Role", "SARS-CoV-2 exposure", "SARS-CoV-2 variant", "Test Result", "Testing", "Time", "United States Department of Veterans Affairs", "Vaccination", "Vaccines", "Variant", "Weight", "acute COVID-19", "adverse event risk", "adverse outcome", "cardiometabolic risk", "cardiometabolism", "clinical care", "clinical epidemiology", "cohort", "comparative", "data sharing networks", "design", "effectiveness evaluation", "evidence base", "follow-up", "hazard", "innovation", "mortality risk", "pandemic disease", "seasonal influenza" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "15809", "attributes": { "award_id": "1F30AI194770-01", "title": "Impact of Natural Infection on the Baseline Immune States in Humans", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 32556, "first_name": "TIMOTHY A", "last_name": "GONDRE-LEWIS", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2025-11-01", "end_date": "2028-10-31", "award_amount": 34558, "principal_investigator": { "id": 44212, "first_name": "Yona", "last_name": "Lei", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 3363, "ror": "", "name": "YALE UNIVERSITY", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CT", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Influenza is a year-round public health burden, causing millions of severe illnesses and hundreds of thousands of respiratory deaths globally. A key challenge in developing more effective vaccines lies in the inherent variability of the human immune system, as vaccine responses are highly variable across individuals, with many failing to develop adequate protective immunity. Low vaccine responsiveness has been associated with specific pre- vaccination baseline immune states. The baseline immune state of an individual determines their immune function and response. We and others have linked inter-individual variations in vaccination outcomes to molecular and cellular immune components that encode the baseline state. Our group previously showed that high vaccine responsiveness is associated with a “naturally adjuvanted” baseline state characterized by enhanced innate immune response potential, a finding supported by corresponding differences in stimulation responses of immune cells from high and low vaccine responders in vitro. We also found that clinically healthy males recovered from mild COVID-19 exhibited a more “poised” baseline state and stronger immune responses to subsequent influenza vaccination. These studies suggest that variations in baseline immune states contribute to heterogenous responses to vaccination, and that prior exposures may establish new baseline states that impact future responses in an antigen-agnostic manner. It remains unclear how infection alters an individual's baseline state over time, how these changes vary across individuals, and if they have functional consequences. Using longitudinal samples from a household cohort that allows control for environmental confounders, and using influenza infection as a model, my proposal aims to address these gaps to better understand the functional impact of infection on baseline immune states. Given the antigen-nonspecific nature of innate immune cells, understanding how infection impacts their function is a key to revealing potential underlying mechanisms. I hypothesize that influenza infection induces durable antigen-agnostic transcriptional and epigenetic changes that give rise to enhanced innate immune response potential. Aim 1 will assess the impact of infection on baseline immune states and innate cell response capacity. Through single-cell multimodal immune profiling, I will assess infection-induced transcriptional and epigenetic changes in peripheral immune cells. Using the same samples, I will examine innate response capacity to in vitro stimulation. Aim 2 will elucidate how infection-induced durable changes mechanistically drive innate cell responses to stimulation. I will implement a causal network inference approach to infer immune determinants of response capacity, followed by experimental validation to establish causality. This work will advance our understanding of infection-induced antigen-agnostic immune reprogramming, potentially revealing key drivers of human immune variation and strategies to modulate baseline states for improving vaccination outcome. Rigorous scientific training will be guided by mentors with experimental and computational expertise, complemented by longitudinal clinical and professional skill development.", "keywords": [ "Address", "Adjuvant", "Age", "Antibody titer measurement", "Antigens", "B-cell receptor repertoire sequencing", "Biological Assay", "COVID-19", "Cells", "Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing", "Cessation of life", "Chromatin", "Clinical", "Computer Models", "Data", "Effectiveness", "Epigenetic Process", "Etiology", "Exhibits", "Future", "Genetic Transcription", "Goals", "Household", "Human", "Immune", "Immune response", "Immune system", "Immunity", "Immunologic Stimulation", "Immunologics", "Immunology", "In Vitro", "Individual", "Infection", "Influenza", "Influenza vaccination", "Innate Immune Response", "Link", "Lipopolysaccharides", "Mentors", "Modeling", "Molecular", "Nature", "Output", "Peripheral", "Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell", "Public Health", "Role", "Same-sex", "Sampling", "Shapes", "Signal Pathway", "Signal Transduction", "Study Subject", "System", "T-Lymphocyte", "Time", "Training", "Translating", "Transposase", "Vaccination", "Vaccine Design", "Vaccines", "Validation", "Variant", "Virus Diseases", "Work", "adaptive immunity", "clinical application", "cohort", "design", "immune function", "implementation strategy", "improved", "influenza infection", "influenza virus vaccine", "innate immune function", "insight", "inter-individual variation", "male", "multimodality", "novel vaccines", "pathogen", "respiratory", "response", "seasonal influenza", "sex", "single-cell RNA sequencing", "skill acquisition", "skills", "universal influenza vaccine", "vaccination outcome", "vaccine response" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "15806", "attributes": { "award_id": "2603320", "title": "Rational Design and Fundamental Understanding of Multimodal Amyloid Probes", "funder": { "id": 3, "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62", "name": "National Science Foundation", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "Engineering (ENG)", "BIOSENS-Biosensing" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 961, "first_name": "Aleksandr", "last_name": "Simonian", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2025-12-01", "end_date": null, "award_amount": 361996, "principal_investigator": { "id": 1842, "first_name": "Jie", "last_name": "Zheng", "orcid": null, "emails": "[email protected]", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 405, "ror": "https://ror.org/02kyckx55", "name": "University of Akron", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "OH", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 240, "ror": "", "name": "University of Texas at San Antonio", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "TX", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "The hallmark of many debilitating diseases, such as Alzeimer’s disease (AD) and type II diabetes (T2D), is the presence of abnormal masses/aggregates of proteins termed “amyloids”. These amyloids, in which composition is disease dependent, are generally considered to be ideal markers for disease diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Unfortunately, existing probes are limited in that they are only able to detect the presence of a single targeted amyloid protein. This project will develop a new class of generic, multiple-mode, multi-target amyloid probes that will detect a wide variety of proteins associated with different amyloid diseases. Design principles for the multimodal probes can be transformed to numerous molecular-recognition applications for targeted drug therapy, biomarker detection, and disease diagnostics (e.g., cancers and COVID-19). The proposed multi-disciplinary research activities will provide diverse training for students at all levels, especially from underrepresented and low-income families. The students will develop knowledge and skills in data mining, molecular simulations, neuroscience, and lab-on-chip techniques in close relation to public health problems. Finally, the integrated educational and research activities will enrich the curriculum of the Corrosion Engineering program at the University of Akron.\r\n\r\nThe overall objectives of this project are to (1) fully explore, identify, and engineer – with both data-driven simulations and experiments – a new family of AIE@βPs (an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecule conjugated with small β-sheet-forming peptides (βPs)) probes capable of early and enhanced detection of multiple pathological aggregates and co-aggregates formed by the same and different amyloid proteins, which co-exist in human body fluids across different amyloid diseases and (2) conduct fundamental sequence-structure-recognition studies on these multi-mode, multiple-target AIE@βPs probes. The AIE molecule targets the aggregated amyloids and avoids the aggregation-induced quenching, while βPs target the β-structures of amyloid aggregates via specific β-sheet interactions. The project’s objectives will be achieved via three tasks: (1) develop a machine-learning model, combined with molecular simulations and biophysical experiments, to screen, identify, and validate a library of βPs capable of self-assembling into β-sheet structures and cross-interacting with both Aβ (associated with AD) and hIAPP (associated with T2D); (2) design and synthesize a series of AIE@βPs probes to detect Aβ, hIAPP, and hybrid Aβ-hIAPP species at different aggregation states for demonstrating “conformational-specific, sequence-independent” mechanisms via synergetic AIE- and βPs-induced binding modes; and (3) transform AIE@βPs probes into different amyloid sensors via surface immobilization by controlling their packing structures, densities, and patterns of AIE@βPs. In parallel, multiscale molecular simulations will be conducted to study the structures, dynamics, and interactions of βPs and AIE@βPs with amyloid aggregates in solution and on surfaces, which will be correlated with amyloid recognition mechanisms of AIE@βPs by experiments. If successful, this work will provide new design principles and sensor systems for early amyloid detection beyond few available today.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "keywords": [], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "15979", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R21AI188074-01A1", "title": "Identification of RNAi-independent antiviral genes through biased genetic screen in C. elegans", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 32860, "first_name": "KENTNER L", "last_name": "SINGLETON", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2026-02-02", "end_date": "2028-01-31", "award_amount": 412500, "principal_investigator": { "id": 44434, "first_name": "Rui", "last_name": "Lu", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 3430, "ror": "", "name": "LOUISIANA STATE UNIV A&M COL BATON ROUGE", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "LA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Viruses, especially RNA viruses, are formidable pathogens to cellular hosts. Owing to the error-prone nature of their replicases, RNA viruses rapidly accumulate large numbers of genetic mutations in their genome, enabling them to evade immune detection. Some RNA viruses, such as influenza viruses and coronaviruses, can also generate genome variants through genome reassortment or genome recombination mechanisms. It is thus important to study antiviral mechanisms intrinsically resistant to genetic mutations in viral genome, which may lead to the development of novel antiviral strategies. In plants, insects and vertebrates, there are antiviral mechanisms triggered by non-dsRNA products of invading viruses. These antiviral mechanisms provide another layer of protection in case viral dsRNA-triggered immunity is compromised by the invading viruses. In supporting this hypothesis, many plant and animal viruses have been found to produce diverse types of dsRNA binding proteins that are able to bind and sequester viral dsRNA to block immune detection. So far, RNAi is known as the most important antiviral defense mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, some recent studies on worm antiviral defense suggest that viral infection in C. elegans triggers transcriptional programs that in return provide protection against invading viruses in an RNAi-independent manner. Therefore, very much like what has been demonstrated in plants and insects, RNAi-independent antiviral defense (RiAD) may provide worms another layer of protection against virus in case antiviral RNAi is compromised. To fill the knowledge gap in our understanding of worm RiAD and as proof of principle, the PI’s lab has recently carried out a biased genetic screen of limited scale, aiming to identify genes specifically contributing to worm RiAD. This genetic screen identified 8 candidate genes that confer RiAD targeting a flock house virus (FHV) replicon. 5 of these candidate genes also mediate RiAD against Orsay virus, which naturally infects C. elegans (21). In this application, we propose to continue the biased genetic screen and finish it on a much greater scale to ensure double coverage on all genes involved in RiAD. We will then map and identify the candidate genes through whole genome sequencing combined with feeding RNAi and function rescue assay. Since approximately 70% of C. elegans genes have human homologs, function and mechanism study of the identified genes may not only lead to the identification of novel conserved mechanisms of antiviral innate immunity across kingdoms but also inform the development of novel antiviral strategies.", "keywords": [ "Alleles", "Animals", "Anti-viral Agents", "Anti-viral Response", "Binding", "Binding Proteins", "Biological Assay", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Candidate Disease Gene", "Complement", "Coronavirus", "Defense Mechanisms", "Detection", "Development", "Double-Stranded RNA", "Ensure", "Genes", "Genetic", "Genetic Recombination", "Genetic Screening", "Genetic Transcription", "Genome", "Homologous Gene", "Human", "Immune", "Immune Evasion", "Immunity", "Insecta", "Interferons", "Invaded", "Knowledge", "Lead", "Mammals", "Maps", "Mediating", "Mutation", "Natural Immunity", "Nature", "Nematoda", "Organism", "Pathway interactions", "Plants", "RNA Interference", "RNA Viruses", "Replicon", "Research", "Resistance", "Variant", "Vertebrates", "Viral", "Viral Genes", "Viral Genome", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "Work", "antiviral immunity", "candidate identification", "design", "feeding", "gene function", "genome sequencing", "genome-wide", "influenzavirus", "novel", "pathogen", "pathogenic virus", "programs", "protective pathway", "replicase", "response", "whole genome" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "15981", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R21AI190798-01A1", "title": "Detection of Shigella Species in Wastewater - A Pilot Study for Community and Building Scale Wastewater-Based Surveillance of Bacterial Pathogens", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 44432, "first_name": "JONATHAN A", "last_name": "GLOCK", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2026-02-03", "end_date": "2028-01-31", "award_amount": 422125, "principal_investigator": { "id": 44436, "first_name": "Anthony T", "last_name": "Maurelli", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 3432, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "FL", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "/ Abstract Bacillary dysentery or shigellosis is caused by bacteria of the Shigella species: S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S boydii, and S. sonnei. Infections range from mild or asymptomatic to severe bloody diarrhea, so reported prevalence grossly underestimates actual prevalence. Shigellosis is a global public health concern and antimicrobial resistance has compounded the problem. Moreover, shigellosis is also sexually transmitted in the United States, Europe, and other developed countries. Such outbreaks are driven by the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of S. flexneri infecting men who have sex with men. The objective of this proof-of-concept study is to demonstrate that wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) using digital PCR to detect pathogen molecular markers can provide a more accurate picture of community prevalence of bacterial pathogens than traditional case reporting. Wastewater surveillance for viral pathogens has been in use for decades and its use to monitor SARS-CoV-2 is now widely applied globally. Analogous methods for wastewater surveillance of bacterial pathogens by digital PCR has lagged. We will develop and validate methods to detect Shigella, an important bacterial agent of diarrheal disease, in wastewater. We will also field test the methods to assess shigellosis prevalence at community and building scale and link the data to the actual population residing in the wastewater collection area. We will provide actionable data to the local health department which can then develop targeted public health interventions. The independent but complementary aims in demonstrating the proof-of-concept are: 1. Develop and validate sensitive, specific, and reproducible WBE methods for detection of Shigella species in wastewater using digital PCR. Three subaims will: 1.1) optimize methods for extraction and detection of Shigella in wastewater using laboratory-grown strains of Shigella species to “spike” authentic wastewater and laboratory prepared “synthetic” wastewater; 1.2) validate molecular targets for differentiation of S. flexneri from S. sonnei in wastewater; and 1.3) culture of Shigella from wastewater to assess antibiotic resistance genotypes and phenotypes. 2. Assess proof-of-concept of WBE as a public health tool for Shigella at community and building scale with emphasis on high risk congregate populations, i.e., day care centers. Two subaims will: 2.1) measure the prevalence of Shigella species at community scale by sampling at the wastewater treatment plant intake and using wastewater flow rate as a population normalization marker; and 2.2) extend shigellosis surveillance to building scale targeting high risk congregate pediatric populations. Strengths of this proposal are the innovative application of WBE to a bacterial pathogen, our method for population normalization, differentiation of Shigella species, prevalence measurement of Shigella species at community and building scale, and the expertise of our multidisciplinary team.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Antibiotic Resistance", "Antimicrobial Resistance", "Area", "Automobile Driving", "Bacteria", "Bacterial Infections", "Behavior", "COVID-19 monitoring", "COVID-19 surveillance", "Case Study", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Childhood", "Collection", "Communities", "County", "Data", "Day center care", "Detection", "Developed Countries", "Development", "Disease", "Disease Outbreaks", "Dysentery", "Effectiveness", "Europe", "Excretory function", "Feces", "Florida", "Foundations", "Future", "Genetic", "Genotype", "Health", "Health Resources", "Hemorrhagic colitis", "Hot Spot", "Individual", "Infection", "Intake", "Intervention", "Laboratories", "Link", "Measles", "Measurement", "Measures", "Methodology", "Methods", "Molecular", "Molecular Analysis", "Molecular Profiling", "Molecular Target", "Monitor", "Pathogen detection", "Patients", "Phenotype", "Pilot Projects", "Plants", "Poliomyelitis", "Population", "Population Surveillance", "Populations at Risk", "Prevalence", "Public Health", "Reporting", "Reproducibility", "Research Proposals", "Sampling", "Sexual Transmission", "Shigella", "Shigella Infections", "Shigella boydii", "Shigella dysenteriae", "Shigella flexneri", "Shigella sonnei", "System", "Techniques", "Testing", "United States", "Universities", "Variant", "Viral", "Work", "detection method", "diarrheal disease", "digital", "experience", "field study", "global health", "high risk", "innovation", "men who have sex with men", "molecular marker", "multidisciplinary", "novel", "pathogenic bacteria", "pathogenic virus", "public health intervention", "resistant strain", "tool", "wastewater epidemiology", "wastewater monitoring", "wastewater samples", "wastewater sampling", "wastewater surveillance" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "15973", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R21AI190550-01A1", "title": "Discovery and evolution of mammalian Serpins as host-encoded viral protease inhibitors", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 32808, "first_name": "MINDY I", "last_name": "DAVIS", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2026-02-04", "end_date": "2028-01-31", "award_amount": 439250, "principal_investigator": { "id": 25173, "first_name": "Matthew", "last_name": "Daugherty", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 760, "ror": "https://ror.org/0168r3w48", "name": "University of California, San Diego", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 3426, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Viral proteases are essential for the replication of many RNA and DNA viruses. Through sequence specific recognition of cleavage sites, these proteases process viral polyproteins into their functional components, while also cleaving host proteins to facilitate viral replication. Interestingly, organisms from every domain of life encode proteins known as SERPINs (SERine Protease INhibitors) that serve as natural inhibitors of serine and cysteine proteases, the types of proteases encoded by many viruses. SERPINs contain a conserved structural core and a disordered reactive center loop (RCL) that ‘baits’ a protease into cleaving it by mimicking the sequence specificity of the protease to be inhibited. Following protease-mediated cleavage of the RCL, the SERPIN undergoes a large conformation change that covalently traps and inactivates the protease, thus connecting sequence-specific recognition of the SERPIN RCL to protease inhibition. While SERPINs have been largely characterized as inhibitors of a wide range of cellular proteases, we hypothesize in this grant that SERPINs have also evolved, in a species-specific manner, to directly inhibit viral protease activity and thereby inhibit viral replication. Supporting this hypothesis, we have found that several mammalian SERPINs contain RCLs that are rapidly evolving under positive selection, consistent with SERPINs being engaged in evolutionary arms races with pathogen-encoded proteases. Moreover, we have identified primate SERPINs that have independently evolved sequences that mimic the cleavage site preferences of proteases from picornaviruses and coronaviruses, and find that these SERPINs can inhibit viral protease activity during infection. These data lead us to propose a model in which SERPINs, with their protease baiting RCLs, represent a modular platform for evolution of host-specific antiviral activity through viral protease inhibition. Based on this model, we now propose to use evolutionary biology, protease biochemistry, and virology to discover and characterize the natural variation, evolvability, protease specificity, and antiviral activity of viral protease inhibitors among mammalian SERPINs. In Aim 1, we will test the antiviral potency and specificity of primate SERPIN-mediated viral protease inhibition, while also computationally and functionally searching for additional mammalian SERPINs that can inhibit proteases from a wide range of RNA viruses. In Aim 2, we will probe the modularity and evolvability of SERPINs to determine the degree to which the SERPIN ‘core’ and RCL sequence impact function, and how sequence evolution of each can mediate selective viral protease inhibition. By identifying SERPINs as novel, rapidly evolving, host-encoded viral protease inhibitors, our work will reveal the impact of SERPIN and viral protease evolution on this new host-virus evolutionary conflict and on species-specific barriers to virus replication, and unveil the evolutionary potential of SERPINs to inhibit a wide range of viral proteases.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Adjustment Disorders", "Alpha Virus", "Aotus trivirgatus", "Architecture", "Attenuated", "Binding", "Biochemical", "Biochemistry", "Biological Assay", "Biology", "Caspase", "Cells", "Conflict (Psychology)", "Coronavirus", "DNA Viruses", "Data", "Dengue Virus", "Enterovirus", "Evolution", "Family", "Family Picornaviridae", "Flavivirus", "Grant", "HIV-1", "Hepatitis C virus", "Homologous Gene", "Human", "Infection", "Life", "Macaca mulatta", "Mammals", "Mediating", "Modeling", "Molecular", "Molecular Conformation", "Organism", "Peptide Hydrolases", "Polyproteins", "Primates", "Process", "Protease Inhibitor", "Protein Region", "Proteins", "RNA Viruses", "Rhinovirus", "Serine Proteinase Inhibitors", "Serpins", "Site", "Specificity", "Substrate Specificity", "Testing", "Variant", "Viral", "Viral Physiology", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "Virus Inhibitors", "Virus Replication", "Work", "arms race", "expectation", "field study", "guided inquiry", "human coronavirus", "human pathogen", "inhibitor", "insight", "mutant", "novel", "pathogen", "preference", "success", "virology", "virus testing" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "15974", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R01AI191417-01A1", "title": "MARVELOUS: Maternal RSV Vaccination- Evaluating Optimal Immune Responses", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 44292, "first_name": "MERCY R", "last_name": "PRABHUDAS", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2026-02-06", "end_date": "2030-01-31", "award_amount": 3859259, "principal_investigator": { "id": 21683, "first_name": "Andrea Goldberg", "last_name": "Edlow", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 736, "ror": "https://ror.org/002pd6e78", "name": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 22942, "first_name": "SABRA L.", "last_name": "KLEIN", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 344, "ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95", "name": "Johns Hopkins University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MD", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, { "id": 44427, "first_name": "Liza", "last_name": "Konnikova", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 3427, "ror": "", "name": "MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "The recent approval of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccine for administration in pregnancy presents a novel opportunity to define immune responses of the maternal-fetal dyad, and how that response crosses the placenta and mammary tissue. Recent work indicates that timing of maternal RSV vaccination alters placental antibody transfer to the fetus. To maximize infant protection after maternal RSV vaccination, key gaps in knowledge include: 1. The extent to which maternal vaccination elicits direct fetal antigen-agnostic and antigen- specific cellular responses to augment infant protection from RSV and other infections. 2. How gestational age at vaccination alters maternal antibody response, subsequent placental and breastmilk antibody transfer, and persistence of immunity in the infant. The proposed studies will test the central hypothesis that timing of maternal vaccination, antibody Fc-receptor binding properties, glycosylation profiles, neutralizing antibody levels and non-neutralizing antibody functions are all key determinants of placental and breastmilk antibody transfer to the neonate. These antibody features will work in concert with fetal innate and adaptive immune responses to maternal vaccination, driving protection of the infant through 6 months of age. In a cohort of 400 pregnant women and their infants, this study will examine fetal cellular responses to maternal RSV vaccination, both RSV-agnostic and RSV-specific, by evaluating fetal immune cells isolated from placental villi and cord blood (Aim 1). It will comprehensively profile placentally- and breastmilk-transferred antibodies after RSV vaccination in pregnancy, evaluating IgG subclass, Fc-receptor binding, glycosylation profile, and neutralizing capacity of antibodies using in vivo and in vitro assays (Aim 2). It will then evaluate how antibody properties and timing of maternal vaccination impact the durability of antibody-mediated and cellular immunity in infant blood and breastmilk, through 6 months of age (Aim 3). Machine learning approaches will be used to estimate the magnitude and specific features of protective immune responses induced by maternal vaccination, not only for RSV, but also for influenza, Tdap, and COVID-19. These methods will generate a comprehensive model of durable infant protection from maternal vaccination spanning multiple pathogens. Defining these immune principles across the maternal-fetal dyad will generate key biological insights necessary to optimize neonatal and infant protection.", "keywords": [ "3-Dimensional", "Address", "Age Months", "Antibodies", "Antibody Response", "Antibody-mediated protection", "Antigens", "Automobile Driving", "Biological", "Biological Assay", "Blood", "Breast", "Breast Epithelial Cells", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 vaccination", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Cell Separation", "Cells", "Cellular Immunity", "Characteristics", "Chorionic villi", "Clinical Trials", "Clonal Expansion", "Colostrum", "Data", "Disease", "Ensure", "Fc Receptor", "Fetus", "Future", "Gene Expression Profile", "Gestational Age", "Human Milk", "Immune", "Immune response", "Immune system", "Immunity", "Immunoglobulin G", "In Vitro", "Infant", "Infection", "Influenza", "Innate Immune Response", "Knowledge", "Life", "Longevity", "Machine Learning", "Maternal antibody", "Measures", "Mediating", "Memory", "Methods", "Milk", "Modeling", "Mononuclear", "Mothers", "Nature", "Neonatal", "Peptides", "Pertussis", "Phase III Clinical Trials", "Phenotype", "Placenta", "Plasma", "Polysaccharides", "Pregnancy", "Pregnant Women", "Premature Birth", "Property", "Prospective cohort", "Recommendation", "Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Serology", "System", "T cell response", "T memory cell", "T-Lymphocyte", "Testing", "Time", "Tissues", "Training", "Umbilical Cord Blood", "Vaccinated", "Vaccination", "Vaccine Design", "Vaccines", "Work", "adaptive immune response", "anti-influenza", "antibody test", "antibody transfer", "cohort", "embryo/fetus antigen", "emerging pathogen", "experimental study", "fetal", "fetal immunity", "glycosylation", "immune function", "in vitro Assay", "in vivo", "infant morbidity", "infant morbidity/mortality", "insight", "large datasets", "machine learning method", "machine learning model", "mammary", "maternal vaccination", "neonatal immunity", "neonate", "neutralizing antibody", "novel", "pathogen", "placental transfer", "predictive modeling", "prenatal exposure", "receptor binding", "respiratory pathogen", "response", "sex", "transcytosis", "unvaccinated", "vaccine development" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "15975", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R01AI195779-01", "title": "Regulatory T cell memory in human tissues", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 44428, "first_name": "CHAO", "last_name": "JIANG", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2026-02-06", "end_date": "2030-01-31", "award_amount": 3144408, "principal_investigator": { "id": 7597, "first_name": "Donna L.", "last_name": "Farber", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 745, "ror": "", "name": "SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 44429, "first_name": "Peter Alan", "last_name": "Sims", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 781, "ror": "", "name": "COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "NY", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "T cell memory is stored across heterogeneous subsets with diverse functions in both tissues and circulation. While most studies have focused on the pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic functions of memory T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) serve an equally important immunomodulatory role in memory responses, particularly in tissues. While specific roles for Tregs in establishing tolerance and promoting tissue homeostasis have been elucidated in mouse models, the role of human Tregs in healthy immune responses and protective immunity in vivo has been difficult to assess. Moreover, the identity and function of human Tregs in diverse tissues remains unknown. We have established an organ donor tissue resource for human immunology that has allowed us to profile antigen-specific T cells across human tissues. Through these efforts, we found that antigen-specific Tregs are substantially enriched among memory T cells that respond to antigens from multiple viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and EBV, and are particularly enriched in lymph nodes, spleen and lungs compared to blood, bone marrow and other sites. In addition, we found that memory Tregs induce an activation program that is distinct from effector memory T cells (TEM) involving CCL17 as a novel Treg-derived cytokine not produced by TEM cells or any other T cell subset. Moreover, tissue memory Tregs exhibit clonal overlap with TEM cells within and between sites. These findings raise the possibility that memory Tregs are generated along with TEM during priming and that they share a common pre-cursor with TEM. In the proposed studies, we will pursue three aims: 1) Determine the role of antigen and tissue in memory Treg induction; 2) Define the clonal and migratory relationships (i.e. tissue distributions) between memory Treg and other memory subsets; 3) Elucidate the functional and spatial interactions of tissue Tregs with immune and structural cells in the lymph node. We will combine state-of-the-art technologies for single-cell and spatial profiling with our unique human tissue resource to elucidate mechanisms for the generation, function, and maintenance of memory Tregs in human tissues. The results from this study will be important for designing strategies to promote immunoregulation and tissue repair for protective immunity and can inform Treg-directed therapies for autoimmunity and transplantation.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Adult", "Affect", "Age", "Allergens", "Antigens", "Autoantigens", "Autocrine Communication", "Autoimmunity", "Blocking Antibodies", "Blood", "Bone Marrow", "CCL17 gene", "CCR8 gene", "COVID-19", "Cell Communication", "Cells", "Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing", "Chemotaxis", "Circulation", "Cytoprotection", "Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution", "Environment", "Exhibits", "FOXP3 gene", "Fatty acid glycerol esters", "Frequencies", "Gene Expression", "Gene Expression Profile", "Generations", "Homeostasis", "Homing", "Human", "Human Herpesvirus 4", "Human Resources", "IL2RA gene", "Immune", "Immune response", "Immune system", "Immunity", "Immunization", "Immunology", "In Situ", "Individual", "Infection", "Inflammation", "Inflammatory", "Influenza", "Life", "Lung", "Lymphoid Tissue", "Maintenance", "Mediating", "Memory", "Mucous Membrane", "Mus", "Muscle", "Organ Donor", "Pathway interactions", "Phenotype", "Play", "Population", "Proteins", "RNA vaccine", "Regulation", "Regulatory T-Lymphocyte", "Research", "Role", "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "Signal Transduction", "Site", "Slice", "Spleen", "Stromal Cells", "T cell differentiation", "T cell therapy", "T memory cell", "T-Cell Activation", "T-Lymphocyte", "T-Lymphocyte Subsets", "Technology", "Thymus Gland", "Tissues", "Transplantation", "Vaccines", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "age related changes", "antigen-specific T cells", "cell motility", "chemokine", "cytokine", "cytotoxic", "design", "human tissue", "immunoregulation", "in vivo", "lymph nodes", "lymphoid organ", "memory CD4 T lymphocyte", "mouse model", "multimodality", "novel", "pathogen", "programs", "receptor", "recruit", "response", "single cell technology", "tissue repair", "tissue resident memory T cell", "tissue resource", "transcription factor", "tumor" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "15977", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R21AI196845-01", "title": "Rapid point-of-care diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic herpes infection", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 44432, "first_name": "JONATHAN A", "last_name": "GLOCK", "orcid": "", "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2026-02-06", "end_date": "2028-01-31", "award_amount": 427625, "principal_investigator": { "id": 4494, "first_name": "Ronit", "last_name": "Fraiman", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 3428, "ror": "", "name": "UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "NC", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is highly contagious and can be transmitted via physical contact. HSV can be diagnosed by detecting the presence of the virus in lesions or the antibodies in the blood. Yet, viral shedding can happen from asymptomatic infections, highlighting the need for early and accurate detection of HSV to prevent transmission. The most common ways to detect HSV are nucleic acid testing of an active infection via qPCR or serological testing of antibody levels in patient serum. However, qPCR is only accurate if a person is symptomatic and in asymptomatic people both the FDA and the CDC recommend against serological testing due to issues with sensitivity. Additionally, current testing for CNS complications arising from HSV infections requires highly invasive cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) sampling to diagnose. Thus, rapid, accessible, sensitive, and accurate point- of-care tests are in dire need. In 2021, we published a watershed paper describing how we can leverage cell surface glycans that the SARS- CoV-2 virus uses to bind and infect cells, to capture it onto rapid test strips for sensitive detection of the virus (Kim et al, ACS Central Science). Inspired and motivated by our success with SARS-CoV-2 sensing, we propose a novel lateral flow strip assay (LFSA) device for rapid and reliable point-of-care antigen-based detection capable of differentiating between HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections and sensing of CNS complications through serum. As cell surface proteoglycans such as heparan sulfate play an important role in the binding and cell entry of HSV, we will leverage it as a universal binder and use type specific cell receptors to distinguish between HSV strains (Specific Aim 1). Higher selectivity will be achieved by exploring sensitivity to sulfonation of heparan sulfate and other glycocalyx proteins. Sensor performance will be evaluated in complex fluids such as human genital fluids or saliva, and in genital washings of HSV-infected mice. To enhance our ability to identify and subtype HSV, we will engineer tailored cell membranes to optimize their interactions with viral envelope proteins, and strip and print these cell-derived membranes on paper test strips in Specific Aim 2. In Specific Aim 3, we will develop a blood test for the rapid quantitative screening of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL), upregulated biomarkers upon CNS damage. We will incorporate electrochemical signals for quantitative assessment. This Bluetooth device will enable early and fast triage of patients for further screening. Together, these devices will enable us rapid and cost-effective screening of high-risk populations, accurate subtyping, and a swift connection of patients with treatment.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Address", "Affinity", "Antibodies", "Binding", "Biological Assay", "Biological Markers", "Biomimetics", "Blood", "Blood Tests", "Bluetooth", "Body System", "COVID-19 diagnostic", "Caring", "Cell Separation", "Cell Surface Proteins", "Cell membrane", "Cell surface", "Cells", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Central Nervous System", "Central Nervous System Infections", "Cerebrospinal Fluid", "Complex", "Detection", "Devices", "Diagnosis", "Diagnostic", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Disease Outbreaks", "Encephalitis", "Engineering", "Equipment", "Eye", "Genitalia", "Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein", "Glycocalyx", "Glycoproteins", "Goals", "Heparin", "Heparitin Sulfate", "Herpes Simplex Infections", "Herpesviridae Infections", "Herpesvirus 1", "Human", "Human Herpesvirus 2", "Image Analysis", "Individual", "Infection", "Keratitis", "Lateral", "Lesion", "Light", "Link", "Liquid substance", "Membrane", "Meningitis", "Methods", "Mus", "Nervous System Trauma", "Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests", "Paper", "Patient Triage", "Patient-Focused Outcomes", "Patients", "Performance", "Persons", "Play", "Polysaccharides", "Positioning Attribute", "Printing", "Property", "Proteins", "Proteoglycan", "Publishing", "Rapid diagnostics", "Receptor Cell", "Recommendation", "Recurrence", "Role", "Saliva", "Sampling", "Science", "Serology test", "Serum", "Signal Transduction", "Simplexvirus", "Specificity", "Substance Use Disorder", "Sulfate", "Swab", "Testing", "Time", "Viral Antigens", "Viral Envelope Proteins", "Virulent", "Virus", "Virus Shedding", "World Health Organization", "antigen detection", "antigen test", "cost", "cost effective", "design", "disease transmission", "env Gene Products", "global health", "health care burden", "high risk population", "improved", "infection rate", "innovation", "macromolecule", "nectin", "neurofilament", "novel", "point of care", "point of care testing", "point-of-care detection", "point-of-care diagnosis", "prevent", "quantitative imaging", "rapid test", "screening", "sensor", "success", "test strip", "tool", "transmission process", "viral detection", "viral transmission" ], "approved": true } } ], "meta": { "pagination": { "page": 1419, "pages": 1423, "count": 14223 } } }