Grant List
Represents Grant table in the DB
GET /v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1392&sort=other_investigators
{ "links": { "first": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1&sort=other_investigators", "last": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1392&sort=other_investigators", "next": null, "prev": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1391&sort=other_investigators" }, "data": [ { "type": "Grant", "id": "7505", "attributes": { "award_id": "3U41HG003751-13S1", "title": "Rapid and Precise Molecular Pathway Modelling of the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cycle with Human Host Protein and Therapeutic Interactions", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 23309, "first_name": "Ajay", "last_name": "Pillai", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2007-04-01", "end_date": "2022-02-28", "award_amount": 310292, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23310, "first_name": "PETER G", "last_name": "DEUSTACHIO", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 1589, "ror": "https://ror.org/043q8yx54", "name": "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "ON", "zip": "", "country": "CANADA", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 23311, "first_name": "Henning", "last_name": "Hermjakob", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 23312, "first_name": "LINCOLN D.", "last_name": "STEIN", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 23313, "first_name": "Guanming", "last_name": "Wu", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1589, "ror": "https://ror.org/043q8yx54", "name": "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "ON", "zip": "", "country": "CANADA", "approved": true }, "abstract": "The Reactome Knowledgebase is a widely used and internationally recognized expert-curated, open-source resource of a broad array of human biological processes and their disease counterparts, coupled to powerful tools for data analysis and display, and integrated with diverse community genomics resources. The work proposed here will add molecular annotations of the COVID-19 infection process mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, interactions between viral components and human host proteins that mediate the severity of viral infection, and the effects of therapeutics and drug-like compounds on both viral and host proteins. The resulting SARS-CoV-2 pathway annotations will provide a framework for pathway- and network-based data analysis and visualization, which will be critical for the interpretation of numerous COVID-19 studies now and in the future. In collaboration with a team of community experts in virology, drug design, and infectious disease, we will assemble information in two stages. First, a draft annotation will associate relevant SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV- 2 viral and host cell proteins with each stage of the infection process and the host response to it. These annotations will be immediately useful for identifying additional relevant interacting proteins, for assessing possible effects of variation in the host or viral proteins on specific steps of viral infection, and for identifying possible drug targets. In the second stage, the SARS-CoV-2 map will be annotated more extensively to fill in molecular details of each step in these processes and to highlight differences in the processes mediated by SARS- CoV-2 virus and related coronaviruses. This annotation process will continue for the duration of the project to incorporate newly validated molecular details as they are uncovered by the research community. All the data, code and tools developed by this project will be open source and open.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Authorship", "Biological Process", "COVID-19", "Cells", "Code", "Collaborations", "Communicable Diseases", "Communities", "Computer software", "Consensus", "Coronavirus", "Coupled", "Data", "Data Analyses", "Data Display", "Data Set", "Disease", "Disease Pathway", "Drug Design", "Drug Targeting", "Ensure", "Future", "Genomics", "Human", "Immune response", "Infection", "Innate Immune Response", "Institutes", "International", "Link", "Literature", "Manuals", "Maps", "Mediating", "Mining", "Modeling", "Molecular", "Natural Immunity", "Natural Language Processing", "Network-based", "Paper", "Pathogenicity", "Pathway interactions", "Peer Review", "Pharmaceutical Preparations", "Process", "Proteins", "Proteome", "Publishing", "Reaction", "Research", "Resources", "SARS coronavirus", "Severities", "Source", "System", "Systems Biology", "Therapeutic", "Therapeutic Effect", "Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies", "Variant", "Viral", "Viral Proteins", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "Work", "adaptive immunity", "data integration", "data structure", "data tools", "data visualization", "experimental analysis", "knowledge base", "open source", "protein expression", "small molecule", "structured data", "tool", "virology" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "7505", "attributes": { "award_id": "3U41HG003751-13S1", "title": "Rapid and Precise Molecular Pathway Modelling of the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cycle with Human Host Protein and Therapeutic Interactions", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 23309, "first_name": "Ajay", "last_name": "Pillai", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2007-04-01", "end_date": "2022-02-28", "award_amount": 310292, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23310, "first_name": "PETER G", "last_name": "DEUSTACHIO", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 1589, "ror": "https://ror.org/043q8yx54", "name": "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "ON", "zip": "", "country": "CANADA", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 23311, "first_name": "Henning", "last_name": "Hermjakob", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 23312, "first_name": "LINCOLN D.", "last_name": "STEIN", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 23313, "first_name": "Guanming", "last_name": "Wu", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1589, "ror": "https://ror.org/043q8yx54", "name": "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "ON", "zip": "", "country": "CANADA", "approved": true }, "abstract": "The Reactome Knowledgebase is a widely used and internationally recognized expert-curated, open-source resource of a broad array of human biological processes and their disease counterparts, coupled to powerful tools for data analysis and display, and integrated with diverse community genomics resources. The work proposed here will add molecular annotations of the COVID-19 infection process mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, interactions between viral components and human host proteins that mediate the severity of viral infection, and the effects of therapeutics and drug-like compounds on both viral and host proteins. The resulting SARS-CoV-2 pathway annotations will provide a framework for pathway- and network-based data analysis and visualization, which will be critical for the interpretation of numerous COVID-19 studies now and in the future. In collaboration with a team of community experts in virology, drug design, and infectious disease, we will assemble information in two stages. First, a draft annotation will associate relevant SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV- 2 viral and host cell proteins with each stage of the infection process and the host response to it. These annotations will be immediately useful for identifying additional relevant interacting proteins, for assessing possible effects of variation in the host or viral proteins on specific steps of viral infection, and for identifying possible drug targets. In the second stage, the SARS-CoV-2 map will be annotated more extensively to fill in molecular details of each step in these processes and to highlight differences in the processes mediated by SARS- CoV-2 virus and related coronaviruses. This annotation process will continue for the duration of the project to incorporate newly validated molecular details as they are uncovered by the research community. All the data, code and tools developed by this project will be open source and open.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Authorship", "Biological Process", "COVID-19", "Cells", "Code", "Collaborations", "Communicable Diseases", "Communities", "Computer software", "Consensus", "Coronavirus", "Coupled", "Data", "Data Analyses", "Data Display", "Data Set", "Disease", "Disease Pathway", "Drug Design", "Drug Targeting", "Ensure", "Future", "Genomics", "Human", "Immune response", "Infection", "Innate Immune Response", "Institutes", "International", "Link", "Literature", "Manuals", "Maps", "Mediating", "Mining", "Modeling", "Molecular", "Natural Immunity", "Natural Language Processing", "Network-based", "Paper", "Pathogenicity", "Pathway interactions", "Peer Review", "Pharmaceutical Preparations", "Process", "Proteins", "Proteome", "Publishing", "Reaction", "Research", "Resources", "SARS coronavirus", "Severities", "Source", "System", "Systems Biology", "Therapeutic", "Therapeutic Effect", "Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies", "Variant", "Viral", "Viral Proteins", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "Work", "adaptive immunity", "data integration", "data structure", "data tools", "data visualization", "experimental analysis", "knowledge base", "open source", "protein expression", "small molecule", "structured data", "tool", "virology" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "7505", "attributes": { "award_id": "3U41HG003751-13S1", "title": "Rapid and Precise Molecular Pathway Modelling of the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cycle with Human Host Protein and Therapeutic Interactions", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 23309, "first_name": "Ajay", "last_name": "Pillai", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2007-04-01", "end_date": "2022-02-28", "award_amount": 310292, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23310, "first_name": "PETER G", "last_name": "DEUSTACHIO", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 1589, "ror": "https://ror.org/043q8yx54", "name": "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "ON", "zip": "", "country": "CANADA", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 23311, "first_name": "Henning", "last_name": "Hermjakob", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 23312, "first_name": "LINCOLN D.", "last_name": "STEIN", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 23313, "first_name": "Guanming", "last_name": "Wu", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1589, "ror": "https://ror.org/043q8yx54", "name": "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "ON", "zip": "", "country": "CANADA", "approved": true }, "abstract": "The Reactome Knowledgebase is a widely used and internationally recognized expert-curated, open-source resource of a broad array of human biological processes and their disease counterparts, coupled to powerful tools for data analysis and display, and integrated with diverse community genomics resources. The work proposed here will add molecular annotations of the COVID-19 infection process mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, interactions between viral components and human host proteins that mediate the severity of viral infection, and the effects of therapeutics and drug-like compounds on both viral and host proteins. The resulting SARS-CoV-2 pathway annotations will provide a framework for pathway- and network-based data analysis and visualization, which will be critical for the interpretation of numerous COVID-19 studies now and in the future. In collaboration with a team of community experts in virology, drug design, and infectious disease, we will assemble information in two stages. First, a draft annotation will associate relevant SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV- 2 viral and host cell proteins with each stage of the infection process and the host response to it. These annotations will be immediately useful for identifying additional relevant interacting proteins, for assessing possible effects of variation in the host or viral proteins on specific steps of viral infection, and for identifying possible drug targets. In the second stage, the SARS-CoV-2 map will be annotated more extensively to fill in molecular details of each step in these processes and to highlight differences in the processes mediated by SARS- CoV-2 virus and related coronaviruses. This annotation process will continue for the duration of the project to incorporate newly validated molecular details as they are uncovered by the research community. All the data, code and tools developed by this project will be open source and open.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Authorship", "Biological Process", "COVID-19", "Cells", "Code", "Collaborations", "Communicable Diseases", "Communities", "Computer software", "Consensus", "Coronavirus", "Coupled", "Data", "Data Analyses", "Data Display", "Data Set", "Disease", "Disease Pathway", "Drug Design", "Drug Targeting", "Ensure", "Future", "Genomics", "Human", "Immune response", "Infection", "Innate Immune Response", "Institutes", "International", "Link", "Literature", "Manuals", "Maps", "Mediating", "Mining", "Modeling", "Molecular", "Natural Immunity", "Natural Language Processing", "Network-based", "Paper", "Pathogenicity", "Pathway interactions", "Peer Review", "Pharmaceutical Preparations", "Process", "Proteins", "Proteome", "Publishing", "Reaction", "Research", "Resources", "SARS coronavirus", "Severities", "Source", "System", "Systems Biology", "Therapeutic", "Therapeutic Effect", "Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies", "Variant", "Viral", "Viral Proteins", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "Work", "adaptive immunity", "data integration", "data structure", "data tools", "data visualization", "experimental analysis", "knowledge base", "open source", "protein expression", "small molecule", "structured data", "tool", "virology" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "7508", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R21AI158229-01", "title": "Immunomodulatory effects of coronavirus membrane proteins E, M, and S.", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6011, "first_name": "Erik J.", "last_name": "Stemmy", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2020-08-17", "end_date": "2023-07-31", "award_amount": 420750, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23314, "first_name": "Maria", "last_name": "Kalamvoki", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 875, "ror": "https://ror.org/036c9yv20", "name": "University of Kansas Medical Center", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "KS", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 23315, "first_name": "Edward Brice", "last_name": "Stephens", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 875, "ror": "https://ror.org/036c9yv20", "name": "University of Kansas Medical Center", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "KS", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. This virus caused a large outbreak in China that was associated with a high human-to-human transmission rate and mortality and subsequently led to a pandemic in the human population. SARS-CoV-2 is member of the â-coronaviruses and is highly related to SARS-CoV. In an ongoing evolutionary arms race, viruses have evolved factors that facilitate their replication while the host cell has evolved signaling networks to detect and eradicate invading viruses. The innate immune system is a conserved defense strategy critical for the initial detection and restriction of pathogens and later activation of the adaptive immune response. Activation of innate immunity relies on the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors, RNA and DNA sensors. Upon activation by PAMPs, PRRs recruit adaptor proteins that initiate signaling pathways involving modifying enzymes such as kinases, phosphatases, E3 ubiquitin ligases that ultimately lead to the activation of crucial transcription factors including IRF3 and NF-êB. Synergistically, these factors promote the production of antiviral type I interferons (IFN-I), inflammatory cytokines, NK cell immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy. Thus, the pathogenicity and spread of a virus in the host is in part determined by the ability of the virus to evade host cell innate responses. The SARS-CoV-2 virion has three transmembrane proteins [envelope (E), membrane (M), and spike (S)] that are necessary for viral assembly and infectivity. They also have important immunomodulatory functions as they trigger or antagonize innate immune responses within infected cells. The E proteins from other coronaviruses have been shown to form an oligomeric structure with ion channel activity that can alter calcium homeostasis with implications on viral pathogenesis. The M protein of other coronaviruses was shown to have a range of immunomodulatory effects through TLR-dependent and independent mechanisms and the S protein can exert its effects by modulating surface signaling responses. It also causes the degradation of BST-2 (tetherin), which functions to prevent release of progeny virus. We hypothesize that the immunomodulatory properties of SARS-CoV-2 membrane proteins will determine the outcome of the infection and viral mediated pathogenesis. To test this, in Aim 1, we propose to examine E, M, and S proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and compare their impact in modulating innate immunity, proinflammatory responses, autophagy, and apoptosis with the same proteins from SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-OC43. In Aim 2, we will determine the immunomodulatory effects of virus-like particles (VLPs) formed by the membrane proteins of the four viruses. We will also determine the immunoevasion capabilities of of SARS-CoV-2 and compare them with SARS-CoV, MERS and HCoV-OC43. Overall, the results of these studies will further our knowledge of immunoevasion strategies of human coronaviruses and guide in the development of efficacious vaccines.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Adaptor Signaling Protein", "Affect", "Antiviral Agents", "Apoptosis", "Autophagocytosis", "Biological Assay", "Bone Marrow", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Calcium", "Cell physiology", "Cells", "Cellular Structures", "China", "Common Cold", "Coronavirus", "Custom", "DNA", "Detection", "Development", "Disease Outbreaks", "Endothelial Cells", "Enzymes", "Epithelial Cells", "Fibroblasts", "Gene Expression", "Generations", "Genes", "Homeostasis", "Human", "Human Activities", "IRF3 gene", "Immune response", "Immunity", "Infection", "Inflammation", "Inflammatory", "Innate Immune Response", "Innate Immune System", "Integral Membrane Protein", "Interferon Type I", "Interferons", "Invaded", "Ion Channel", "Knowledge", "Lead", "Link", "Lung", "Mediating", "Membrane", "Membrane Proteins", "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome", "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus", "Modification", "Molecular", "Monitor", "Morbidity - disease rate", "Morphogenesis", "Natural Immunity", "Natural Killer Cells", "Nucleotides", "Outcome", "Pathogenesis", "Pathogenicity", "Pathway interactions", "Pattern", "Pattern recognition receptor", "Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases", "Phosphotransferases", "Population", "Production", "Property", "Proteins", "RNA", "Race", "Reporting", "Role", "SARS coronavirus", "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome", "Signal Pathway", "Signal Transduction", "Specificity", "Structural Protein", "Structure", "Surface", "Testing", "Toll-like receptors", "Vaccines", "Viral", "Viral Pathogenesis", "Viral Proteins", "Virion", "Virus", "Virus Assembly", "Virus-like particle", "adaptive immune response", "airway epithelium", "arm", "biological adaptation to stress", "cell type", "cytokine", "env Gene Products", "gene function", "human coronavirus", "immunoregulation", "insight", "macrophage", "member", "mortality", "novel therapeutics", "pandemic disease", "particle", "particle exposure", "pathogen", "pathogenic virus", "prevent", "recruit", "response", "sensor", "stem", "transcription factor", "transmission process", "ubiquitin-protein ligase", "vaccine development" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "7509", "attributes": { "award_id": "3U54CA233465-03S2", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on cancer care delivery among diverse populations", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Cancer Institute (NCI)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 23316, "first_name": "Whitney", "last_name": "Barfield", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2018-09-19", "end_date": "2023-08-31", "award_amount": 164784, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23317, "first_name": "JOHN D.", "last_name": "CARPTEN", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 152, "ror": "https://ror.org/03taz7m60", "name": "University of Southern California", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 23318, "first_name": "MARIANA C", "last_name": "STERN", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 152, "ror": "https://ror.org/03taz7m60", "name": "University of Southern California", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic and concomitant lockdown across the US has forced sudden and unplanned changes in cancer patient care. A majority of cancer patients are older and immunocompromised while undergoing treatment, which presents a difficult challenge for oncologists and surgeons trying to decide how to continue the best care for their patients while minimizing the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Simultaneously, the ability of patients to adhere to treatment recommendations, and to deal with cancer treatment induced side effects and various co-morbidities, has also been severely affected by the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many patients lost their usual infrastructure to handle their care, and many may have altered their behaviors towards treatment due to fear, lack of resources, or financial instability. The overall impact of ongoing changes in cancer treatment patterns, and changes in patient adherence to ongoing treatment due to COVID19 is yet to be defined. Early numbers from the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network show that close to 80% of patients in active treatment for cancer experienced a delay in their healthcare, including 17% that reported to their cancer therapy. We propose to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care delivery among diverse populations, particularly those mostly affected by this outbreak, which include Blacks and Hispanics. We propose to identify and evaluate the impact of ongoing changes in cancer treatment, and changes in patient adherence to treatment among diverse populations, with the long-term goal of learning from this experience to better serve cancer patients moving forward as this pandemic continues its course. The pandemic imposed changes in cancer treatment protocols and survivorship follow-up to accommodate stay-at-home requirements, new hospital protocols to reduce infection rates, and for the protection of vulnerable cancer patients. Many of these changes may prove to be as effective as the standard of care, some may not. We propose to conduct a mixed-methods study within the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCCC) clinics, focusing on two of the priority cancers for our catchment area with high volume in our clinics: breast (BrCa) and lung cancer (LCa), focusing on identifying changes in cancer treatment for these two cancers from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 until September 2020, in comparison with the same time period in 2019 (Aim 1). We propose to identify treatment changes and evaluate their impact on short-term outcomes 12 months post-treatment. Given the diversity of our patient population, we are uniquely positioned to identify disparities in cancer treatment outcomes and adherence to treatment among minority populations, particularly Hispanics who constitute ~40% of our patient population. To enhance our reach and understanding of the impact of COVID-19 among Black cancer patients, we are leveraging the Florida-California Cancer Research Education and Engagement (CaRE2) Health Equity Center Community Outreach Core, which is focused on community outreach and engagement among Blacks and Hispanics in Florida and California, and will allow us to include a large Black patient population.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Adherence", "Affect", "African American", "Aftercare", "American Cancer Society", "Antineoplastic Protocols", "Behavior", "Breast", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "California", "Cancer Patient", "Caring", "Catchment Area", "Clinic", "Community Outreach", "Comprehensive Cancer Center", "Coronavirus", "Disease Outbreaks", "Florida", "Fright", "Goals", "Healthcare", "Hispanics", "Home environment", "Hospitals", "Immunocompromised Host", "Infrastructure", "Learning", "Malignant Neoplasms", "Malignant neoplasm of lung", "Methods", "Minority", "Oncologist", "Outcome", "Patient Care", "Patients", "Pattern", "Population", "Population Heterogeneity", "Positioning Attribute", "Protocols documentation", "Recommendation", "Reporting", "Resources", "Surgeon", "Time", "Treatment outcome", "active method", "anticancer research", "cancer care", "cancer health disparity", "cancer therapy", "care delivery", "community center", "comorbidity", "compliance behavior", "education research", "experience", "follow-up", "health equity", "infection rate", "infection risk", "older patient", "pandemic disease", "patient population", "risk minimization", "side effect", "standard of care", "survivorship", "treatment adherence" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "15369", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R33DA061260-01", "title": "Efficacy and implementation considerations for a peer-led motivational interviewing intervention to promote uptake of drug checking services and safer drug use behaviors to reduce overdose", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 21283, "first_name": "JULIA BETH", "last_name": "Zur", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2024-09-15", "end_date": "2029-05-31", "award_amount": 1042363, "principal_investigator": { "id": 31969, "first_name": "Annick", "last_name": "Borquez", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 23320, "first_name": "STEFFANIE A.", "last_name": "STRATHDEE", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 760, "ror": "https://ror.org/0168r3w48", "name": "University of California, San Diego", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 760, "ror": "https://ror.org/0168r3w48", "name": "University of California, San Diego", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "We will conduct a hybrid type 1 study to evaluate efficacy and preliminary implementation considerations for a novel intervention to promote uptake of drug checking services (DCS) and safer drug use behaviors among people who use drugs (PWUD) to reduce incidence of overdose (OD) in San Diego County. Along with ~50 other syringe services programs (SSPs) in the US, a local SSP recently began CheckSD, a DCS using test strips (TS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) that allows people to submit drug samples with non-nominal identifiers and obtain personalized results. While CheckSD and most existing DCS with FTIR offer some counseling about DCS results, no theory-based interventions to increase DCS uptake and promote post- DCS adoption of safer drug use behaviors have been rigorously evaluated. We drew from the Social Ecological Model and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to develop and pilot MI-CHANCE (Motivational Interviewing for Community-based Harm reduction And drug-Checking Empowerment), a brief, bilingual, peer-led MI intervention. We culturally-tailored MI-CHANCE because Latinx PWUD are less likely to access harm reduction services, contributing to racial/ethnic disparities in OD rates. Our Aims are: Aim 1. To test the efficacy of MI- CHANCE on rates of combined fatal and non-fatal OD over 30 months and examine SCT-informed mediators and moderators of intervention effects (i.e., knowledge, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy). Aim 2. To conduct an inward-looking implementation evaluation to examine MI-CHANCE acceptability, feasibility and experiences among i) trial participants and ii) SSP staff in San Diego County; iii) collect data on implementation costs of MI-CHANCE and CheckSD to inform adoption by SSPs and policy-makers. Aim 3. To conduct an outward-looking exploration of MI-CHANCE's scalability among SSP staff at 20 other U.S. locations, purposively sampled to represent nascent and established DCS. To meet Aim 1, we will recruit 588 PWUD who have not yet used CheckSD into a two-arm RCT (N=294 per group). Both arms will have access to CheckSD's standard of care (SOC) already available at SSP sites (i.e., FTIR, and overdose education and naloxone distribution). PWUD randomized to receive MI-CHANCE will receive it from peer counselors trained in MI to encourage CheckSD uptake and safer drug use behaviors. Those in the attention-control SOC arm will receive COVID-19 education. All will undergo semi-annual follow-up for 30 months. Aims 2-3 will be guided by the revised RE-AIM/PRISM implementation science framework. This will be the first trial to rigorously evaluate efficacy and preliminary implementation of an intervention to optimize DCS uptake and behavioral outcomes for reducing OD. Despite the high promise of DCS, it is an innovation for which real world implementation is ahead of—but could be strengthened by—empirical research on behavioral intervention and implementation supports. If MI-CHANCE is efficacious, it could be rapidly deployed at harm reduction programs across the country to reduce OD deaths and disparities due to changes in the drug supply.", "keywords": [], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "7513", "attributes": { "award_id": "3R21AA026689-02S1", "title": "Developing a Prevention Model of Alcohol Use Disorder for Pacific Islander Young Adults", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 7190, "first_name": "Beverly", "last_name": "Ruffin", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2018-09-20", "end_date": "2021-11-30", "award_amount": 89910, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23323, "first_name": "Erick", "last_name": "Guerrero", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 1190, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 23324, "first_name": "Andrew Makoto", "last_name": "Subica", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1190, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "This administrative supplement proposes to re-survey Pacific Islander young adults from our parent R21 to understand their unique alcohol risks and harms during, and in response to, the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we will survey 18-30-year old young adult participants in two large Pacific Islander communities that have been deeply affected by the COVID-19 crisis: Samoans in Los Angeles County and Marshallese in Northwest Arkansas. In prior R21 data collected from these participants, we determined that Pacific Islander young adults are at exceptional risk for alcohol misuse and related harms with an alarming 56% of participants screening positive for hazardous drinking, 49% for alcohol use disorder, and 40% experiencing significant alcohol-related harms. It is in this context of elevated alcohol burden and high-risk drinking that community concern has emerged regarding the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Pacific Islander young adults’ alcohol- related behaviors and health outcomes; as many work in high-risk settings such as meat-packing factories— the number one source of COVID-19 outbreaks in the U.S. The specific goals of this research are to (1) assess Pacific Islander young adults’ COVID-19-related knowledge and risk of exposure, and (2) re-assess their alcohol use, misuse, comorbid substance use, and alcohol-related harms. Using remote survey methods designed to assess substance use in Pacific Islander community populations, the information gathered in this study will allow us to explore participants’ data longitudinally to understand the scope of Pacific Islanders’ exposure to COVID-19-related (1) health challenges, and (2) changes in Pacific Islanders’ alcohol use and associated harms. The findings of this study will be disseminated to Pacific Islander stakeholders and response teams to support ongoing community efforts to increase public awareness of Pacific Islander health disparities during this urgent health crisis.", "keywords": [ "Administrative Supplement", "Affect", "Alcohol consumption", "Alcohol or Other Drugs use", "Alcohols", "Arkansas", "Awareness", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Communities", "County", "Data", "Disease Outbreaks", "Exposure to", "Goals", "Health", "Knowledge", "Los Angeles", "Meat", "Modeling", "Outcome", "Pacific Island Americans", "Parents", "Participant", "Population", "Prevention", "Research", "Risk", "Samoan", "Source", "Survey Methodology", "Surveys", "Work", "alcohol behavior", "alcohol misuse", "alcohol risk", "alcohol use disorder", "comorbidity", "design", "experience", "hazardous drinking", "health disparity", "high risk", "high risk drinking", "response", "screening", "young adult" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "7515", "attributes": { "award_id": "3R01AI141534-02S1", "title": "Does repeated influenza vaccination constrain influenza immune responses and protection?", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6588, "first_name": "MICHAEL JOHN", "last_name": "Cooper", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2019-07-03", "end_date": "2022-06-30", "award_amount": 520671, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23326, "first_name": "Annette", "last_name": "Fox", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 1590, "ror": "https://ror.org/01ej9dk98", "name": "University of Melbourne", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "AU-VIC", "zip": "", "country": "AUSTRALIA", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 23327, "first_name": "Adam James", "last_name": "Kucharski", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 23328, "first_name": "Sheena", "last_name": "Sullivan", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1590, "ror": "https://ror.org/01ej9dk98", "name": "University of Melbourne", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "AU-VIC", "zip": "", "country": "AUSTRALIA", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Over 140 million Americans are among the more than 500 million people who receive influenza vaccines an- nually. An important subgroup are healthcare workers (HCWs) for whom vaccination is recommended, and sometimes mandated, to protect themselves and vulnerable patients from influenza infection. However, there have been no large, long term studies of HCWs to support the effectiveness of these policies. HCWs are now a highly vaccinated population, the effects of which are also poorly understood. Mounting evidence suggests an- tibody responses to vaccination can be attenuated with repeated vaccination, which is corroborated by reports of poor vaccine effectiveness among the repeatedly vaccinated. Thus, there is a compelling need to directly evaluate HCW vaccination programs. The long term goal is to improve the efficient and effective use of influ- enza vaccines. The objectives of this application are to understand the long-term consequences of repeated annual influenza vaccination among HCWs and to use statistical and mathematical modeling to elucidate the immunological processes that underlie vaccination responses and their implications for vaccination effective- ness. These objectives will be achieved by pursuing three specific aims: 1) To study the immunogenicity and effectiveness of influenza vaccination by prior vaccination experience; 2) To characterize immunological pro- files associated with vaccination and infection; and 3) To evaluate the impact of immunity on vaccination effec- tiveness. Under Aim 1, a cohort of hospital workers will be recruited and followed for up to 4 years to assess their pre- and post-vaccination and post-season antibody responses, and their risk of influenza infection. These outcomes will be compared by vaccination experience, classified as frequently vaccinated (received ≥3 vac- cines in the past 5 years), infrequently vaccinated (<3 vaccinations in past 5 years), vaccinated once, vaccine- naïve and unvaccinated. In Aim 2, intensive cellular and serological assessments will be conducted to dissect the influenza HA-reactive B cell and antibody response, and build antibody landscapes that typify the different vaccination groups. In Aim 3, the data generated in Aims 1 and 2 will be used to develop a mathematical mod- el that considers prior infection, vaccination history, antibody kinetics, and antigenic distance to understand the effects of repeated vaccination on vaccine effectiveness. This approach is innovative because it will provide insights into the effect of complex immunological dynamics on infection outcomes, thereby representing a nov- el departure from previous studies, which have ignored these difficult-to-measure processes. Completion of the proposed research will provide evidence to inform decisions about continued support for influenza vaccination programs among HCWs and general policies for annual influenza vaccination, as well as much-needed clarity about the effects of repeated vaccination.", "keywords": [ "Adult", "American", "Antibodies", "Antibody Response", "Antibody titer measurement", "Antigen-Antibody Complex", "Attenuated", "B-Lymphocytes", "Benchmarking", "Country", "Data", "Decision Making", "Effectiveness", "Elderly", "Fostering", "Goals", "Health", "Health Personnel", "Hospitals", "Immune response", "Immunity", "Immunologics", "Immunology procedure", "Individual", "Infection", "Influenza", "Influenza Hemagglutinin", "Influenza vaccination", "Kinetics", "Longitudinal Studies", "Longitudinal cohort", "Mathematics", "Memory B-Lymphocyte", "Mission", "Modeling", "Outcome", "Patients", "Persons", "Policies", "Population", "Process", "Process Measure", "Public Health", "Recording of previous events", "Reporting", "Research", "Risk", "Role", "Seasons", "Serological", "Serum", "Site", "Statistical Models", "Subgroup", "Testing", "United States National Institutes of Health", "Update", "Vaccinated", "Vaccination", "Vaccines", "Virus", "Work", "adaptive immune response", "cohort", "cost", "epidemiology study", "evidence base", "experience", "immunogenicity", "improved", "influenza virus vaccine", "innovation", "insight", "mathematical model", "novel vaccines", "program costs", "programs", "recruit", "response", "vaccine effectiveness" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "7516", "attributes": { "award_id": "3R01AI141534-01A1S1", "title": "Does repeated influenza vaccination constrain influenza immune responses and protection?", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6588, "first_name": "MICHAEL JOHN", "last_name": "Cooper", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2020-05-12", "end_date": "2021-06-30", "award_amount": 236395, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23326, "first_name": "Annette", "last_name": "Fox", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 1590, "ror": "https://ror.org/01ej9dk98", "name": "University of Melbourne", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "AU-VIC", "zip": "", "country": "AUSTRALIA", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 23327, "first_name": "Adam James", "last_name": "Kucharski", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 23328, "first_name": "Sheena", "last_name": "Sullivan", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1590, "ror": "https://ror.org/01ej9dk98", "name": "University of Melbourne", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "AU-VIC", "zip": "", "country": "AUSTRALIA", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Over 140 million Americans are among the more than 500 million people who receive influenza vaccines an- nually. An important subgroup are healthcare workers (HCWs) for whom vaccination is recommended, and sometimes mandated, to protect themselves and vulnerable patients from influenza infection. However, there have been no large, long term studies of HCWs to support the effectiveness of these policies. HCWs are now a highly vaccinated population, the effects of which are also poorly understood. Mounting evidence suggests an- tibody responses to vaccination can be attenuated with repeated vaccination, which is corroborated by reports of poor vaccine effectiveness among the repeatedly vaccinated. Thus, there is a compelling need to directly evaluate HCW vaccination programs. The long term goal is to improve the efficient and effective use of influ- enza vaccines. The objectives of this application are to understand the long-term consequences of repeated annual influenza vaccination among HCWs and to use statistical and mathematical modeling to elucidate the immunological processes that underlie vaccination responses and their implications for vaccination effective- ness. These objectives will be achieved by pursuing three specific aims: 1) To study the immunogenicity and effectiveness of influenza vaccination by prior vaccination experience; 2) To characterize immunological pro- files associated with vaccination and infection; and 3) To evaluate the impact of immunity on vaccination effec- tiveness. Under Aim 1, a cohort of hospital workers will be recruited and followed for up to 4 years to assess their pre- and post-vaccination and post-season antibody responses, and their risk of influenza infection. These outcomes will be compared by vaccination experience, classified as frequently vaccinated (received ≥3 vac- cines in the past 5 years), infrequently vaccinated (<3 vaccinations in past 5 years), vaccinated once, vaccine- naïve and unvaccinated. In Aim 2, intensive cellular and serological assessments will be conducted to dissect the influenza HA-reactive B cell and antibody response, and build antibody landscapes that typify the different vaccination groups. In Aim 3, the data generated in Aims 1 and 2 will be used to develop a mathematical mod- el that considers prior infection, vaccination history, antibody kinetics, and antigenic distance to understand the effects of repeated vaccination on vaccine effectiveness. This approach is innovative because it will provide insights into the effect of complex immunological dynamics on infection outcomes, thereby representing a nov- el departure from previous studies, which have ignored these difficult-to-measure processes. Completion of the proposed research will provide evidence to inform decisions about continued support for influenza vaccination programs among HCWs and general policies for annual influenza vaccination, as well as much-needed clarity about the effects of repeated vaccination.", "keywords": [ "Adult", "American", "Antibodies", "Antibody Response", "Antibody titer measurement", "Antigen-Antibody Complex", "Attenuated", "B-Lymphocytes", "Benchmarking", "Country", "Data", "Decision Making", "Effectiveness", "Elderly", "Fostering", "Goals", "Health", "Health Personnel", "Hospitals", "Immune response", "Immunity", "Immunologics", "Immunology procedure", "Individual", "Infection", "Influenza", "Influenza Hemagglutinin", "Influenza vaccination", "Kinetics", "Longitudinal Studies", "Longitudinal cohort", "Mathematics", "Memory B-Lymphocyte", "Mission", "Modeling", "Outcome", "Patients", "Persons", "Policies", "Population", "Process", "Process Measure", "Public Health", "Recording of previous events", "Reporting", "Research", "Risk", "Role", "Seasons", "Serological", "Serum", "Site", "Statistical Models", "Subgroup", "Testing", "United States National Institutes of Health", "Update", "Vaccinated", "Vaccination", "Vaccines", "Virus", "Work", "adaptive immune response", "cohort", "cost", "epidemiology study", "evidence base", "experience", "immunogenicity", "improved", "influenza virus vaccine", "innovation", "insight", "mathematical model", "novel vaccines", "program costs", "programs", "recruit", "response", "vaccine effectiveness" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "7515", "attributes": { "award_id": "3R01AI141534-02S1", "title": "Does repeated influenza vaccination constrain influenza immune responses and protection?", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6588, "first_name": "MICHAEL JOHN", "last_name": "Cooper", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2019-07-03", "end_date": "2022-06-30", "award_amount": 520671, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23326, "first_name": "Annette", "last_name": "Fox", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 1590, "ror": "https://ror.org/01ej9dk98", "name": "University of Melbourne", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "AU-VIC", "zip": "", "country": "AUSTRALIA", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 23327, "first_name": "Adam James", "last_name": "Kucharski", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 23328, "first_name": "Sheena", "last_name": "Sullivan", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1590, "ror": "https://ror.org/01ej9dk98", "name": "University of Melbourne", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "AU-VIC", "zip": "", "country": "AUSTRALIA", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Over 140 million Americans are among the more than 500 million people who receive influenza vaccines an- nually. An important subgroup are healthcare workers (HCWs) for whom vaccination is recommended, and sometimes mandated, to protect themselves and vulnerable patients from influenza infection. However, there have been no large, long term studies of HCWs to support the effectiveness of these policies. HCWs are now a highly vaccinated population, the effects of which are also poorly understood. Mounting evidence suggests an- tibody responses to vaccination can be attenuated with repeated vaccination, which is corroborated by reports of poor vaccine effectiveness among the repeatedly vaccinated. Thus, there is a compelling need to directly evaluate HCW vaccination programs. The long term goal is to improve the efficient and effective use of influ- enza vaccines. The objectives of this application are to understand the long-term consequences of repeated annual influenza vaccination among HCWs and to use statistical and mathematical modeling to elucidate the immunological processes that underlie vaccination responses and their implications for vaccination effective- ness. These objectives will be achieved by pursuing three specific aims: 1) To study the immunogenicity and effectiveness of influenza vaccination by prior vaccination experience; 2) To characterize immunological pro- files associated with vaccination and infection; and 3) To evaluate the impact of immunity on vaccination effec- tiveness. Under Aim 1, a cohort of hospital workers will be recruited and followed for up to 4 years to assess their pre- and post-vaccination and post-season antibody responses, and their risk of influenza infection. These outcomes will be compared by vaccination experience, classified as frequently vaccinated (received ≥3 vac- cines in the past 5 years), infrequently vaccinated (<3 vaccinations in past 5 years), vaccinated once, vaccine- naïve and unvaccinated. In Aim 2, intensive cellular and serological assessments will be conducted to dissect the influenza HA-reactive B cell and antibody response, and build antibody landscapes that typify the different vaccination groups. In Aim 3, the data generated in Aims 1 and 2 will be used to develop a mathematical mod- el that considers prior infection, vaccination history, antibody kinetics, and antigenic distance to understand the effects of repeated vaccination on vaccine effectiveness. This approach is innovative because it will provide insights into the effect of complex immunological dynamics on infection outcomes, thereby representing a nov- el departure from previous studies, which have ignored these difficult-to-measure processes. Completion of the proposed research will provide evidence to inform decisions about continued support for influenza vaccination programs among HCWs and general policies for annual influenza vaccination, as well as much-needed clarity about the effects of repeated vaccination.", "keywords": [ "Adult", "American", "Antibodies", "Antibody Response", "Antibody titer measurement", "Antigen-Antibody Complex", "Attenuated", "B-Lymphocytes", "Benchmarking", "Country", "Data", "Decision Making", "Effectiveness", "Elderly", "Fostering", "Goals", "Health", "Health Personnel", "Hospitals", "Immune response", "Immunity", "Immunologics", "Immunology procedure", "Individual", "Infection", "Influenza", "Influenza Hemagglutinin", "Influenza vaccination", "Kinetics", "Longitudinal Studies", "Longitudinal cohort", "Mathematics", "Memory B-Lymphocyte", "Mission", "Modeling", "Outcome", "Patients", "Persons", "Policies", "Population", "Process", "Process Measure", "Public Health", "Recording of previous events", "Reporting", "Research", "Risk", "Role", "Seasons", "Serological", "Serum", "Site", "Statistical Models", "Subgroup", "Testing", "United States National Institutes of Health", "Update", "Vaccinated", "Vaccination", "Vaccines", "Virus", "Work", "adaptive immune response", "cohort", "cost", "epidemiology study", "evidence base", "experience", "immunogenicity", "improved", "influenza virus vaccine", "innovation", "insight", "mathematical model", "novel vaccines", "program costs", "programs", "recruit", "response", "vaccine effectiveness" ], "approved": true } } ], "meta": { "pagination": { "page": 1392, "pages": 1392, "count": 13920 } } }