Grant List
Represents Grant table in the DB
GET /v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1392&sort=abstract
{ "links": { "first": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1&sort=abstract", "last": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1419&sort=abstract", "next": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1393&sort=abstract", "prev": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1391&sort=abstract" }, "data": [ { "type": "Grant", "id": "10506", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R56HL158730-01A1", "title": "Investigate the mechanism and impact of E-cigarettes on platelet function and thrombogenesis", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 26431, "first_name": "Yu-Chung", "last_name": "Yang", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-09-20", "end_date": "2023-08-31", "award_amount": 534874, "principal_investigator": { "id": 26510, "first_name": "Fatima Z.", "last_name": "Alshbool", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1643, "ror": "", "name": "TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCE CTR", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "TX", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "While smoking has been on the decline, e-cigarette usage has been on the rise, even during the COVID19 pandemic. Furthermore, even though the contribution of traditional smoking to the pathogenesis of thrombotic diseases is well documented, the involvement of e-cigarettes in such disease processes remains unknown. Consequently, the present application outlines studies that address fundamental, mechanistic, and clinically- relevant translational aspects of the adverse-health effects of e-cigarettes, an increasingly popular form of tobacco, in the context of platelet biology, thrombotic disease and sex, and in a device-, and e-liquid-specific manner. Studies are also proposed to investigate, in a similar fashion, the toxicants that underlie e-cigarette effects. These studies are of paramount significance given the “perceived safety” of e-cigarettes. The Aims of this proposal are: Aim 1. Investigate the impact of e-cigarette exposure on platelet-dependent disease states. While there is compelling evidence that e-cigarettes do exert negative health effects, their impact on platelet-dependent diseases is still unknown. To address these issues, the consequences of e-cigarette exposure on normal hemostasis be will determined, in a dose-, and time-dependent fashion. Subsequent studies will examine whether e-cigarettes participate in the development of thrombosis disease. Finally, experiments are designed in a manner that addresses the role of the device, and e-liquid in e-cigarette effects, with sex as a biological variable. Aim 2. Investigate the mechanism by which e-cigarettes modulate platelet function. Even though the preliminary data indicated that e-cigarettes modulate hemostasis, the mechanism, by which they modulate platelet function remains to be investigated. Thus, the overall goal of the experiments proposed in this section is to determine the impact of e-cigarette exposure on the various platelet functional responses, biochemical/plasma “markers” of thrombosis, the mechanistic resistance to PGI2, and whether the effects are receptor mediated. Finally, studies are proposed to determine if e-cigarettes modulate the platelet miRnome. Aim 3. Define e-cigarettes toxicants with potent impact on platelet-dependent disease and function. While e-cigarettes are known to be source of a large number of toxicants, such as cotinine and acrolein, nothing is known regarding their specific impact on platelet activation/disease. Therefore, the effect of the e-cigarette toxicants, alone or in combination, on platelet function and associated disease will be investigated. Collectively, these experiments will make significant contributions to the understanding of the consequences of e-cigarettes on platelet activation and cardiovascular human health, and the mechanism and toxicants by/through which they exert these effects, in a dose-, time-, device-, e-liquid- specific manner, in the context of sex.", "keywords": [ "Acrolein", "Address", "Agonist", "Animal Diseases", "Animal Model", "Awareness", "Behavior", "Biochemical", "Biochemical Markers", "Biological", "Biology", "Blood", "Blood Coagulation Factor", "Blood Platelets", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Cardiovascular Diseases", "Cardiovascular system", "Clot retraction", "Cotinine", "Data", "Dependence", "Development", "Devices", "Disease", "Dose", "Electronic cigarette", "Elements", "Epoprostenol", "Exposure to", "Foundations", "Goals", "Health", "Hemostatic function", "Human", "JUUL", "Life", "Mediating", "Morbidity - disease rate", "Mus", "Nature", "Nicotine", "Pathogenesis", "Perception", "Pharmacology", "Physiological", "Plasma", "Platelet Activation", "Play", "Policies", "Prevention", "Process", "Public Health", "Research Design", "Resistance", "Risk", "Role", "Safety", "Shapes", "Smoking", "Source", "Stimulus", "System", "Therapeutic", "Thrombosis", "Thrombus", "Time", "Tobacco", "Tobacco Industry", "Tobacco smoking behavior", "Tobacco use", "Toxic effect", "United States", "base", "biological systems", "cardiovascular disorder risk", "cardiovascular health", "clinically relevant", "design", "electronic cigarette use", "electronic cigarette user", "electronic liquid", "evidence base", "experimental study", "mortality", "mouse model", "platelet function", "receptor", "response", "sex", "thrombogenesis", "tobacco control", "tobacco toxicant", "toxicant", "vaping" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "6458", "attributes": { "award_id": "3R01HD100022-02S2", "title": "Maternal obesity and inflammation as drivers of maternal morbidity in COVID-19", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 21682, "first_name": "Denise", "last_name": "Russo", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2019-09-01", "end_date": "2022-08-31", "award_amount": 175254, "principal_investigator": { "id": 21683, "first_name": "Andrea Goldberg", "last_name": "Edlow", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 736, "ror": "https://ror.org/002pd6e78", "name": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 736, "ror": "https://ror.org/002pd6e78", "name": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "While substantial attention on COVID-19 in pregnancy has been focused on whether vertical transmission occurs, COVID-19 is also associated with severe maternal morbidity and maternal mortality. How pregnancy-specific immune changes impact the response to SARS-CoV-2 and the trajectory of COVID-19 illness remains unknown. Similarly, it is not understood how maternal obesity, one of the most widespread maternal comorbidities, influences risk for severe disease. Recent work suggests that the cytokine storm pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 may be mediated by monocytes and macrophages. Our laboratory’s focus on maternal obesity and its impact on pro-inflammatory macrophage priming in pregnancy therefore positions us well to answer these pressing scientific questions. In light of the recent projection that millions of pregnant women will be exposed to COVID- 19, understanding mechanisms underlying severe disease in pregnancy is an urgent public health concern. “Fetal Brain-Placental Immune Activation in Maternal Obesity” is a pre-clinical R01 that tests the hypothesis that maternal obesity-associated inflammatory priming of fetal brain microglia and resident placental macrophages or Hofbauer cells is a targetable mechanism underlying offspring cognitive deficits. A key translational aspect of the funded project is to determine whether Hofbauer cells represent a novel biologic surrogate for fetal brain microglial reactivity in the setting of maternal obesity. This administrative supplement proposal aims to test a maternally-focused hypothesis based on the same premise: that maternal obesity will potentiate maternal inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection by priming maternal monocytes and placental macrophages to overrespond to the virus, and that maternal peripheral monocyte and placental Hofbauer cell reactivity can be used as a risk assessment or biomarker for COVID-19 disease severity. Here we propose to expand the ex vivo cell stimulation experiments in Aim 1a to include stimulation of SARS-CoV-2-exposed and unexposed human maternal peripheral monocytes with toll-like receptor ligands, and to examine the impact of obesity on maternal monocyte response to SARS-CoV-2. We also propose to expand the single-cell RNA-sequencing experiments in Aim 1b to include human Hofbauer cells exposed and unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 and maternal obesity, to determine whether these exposures induce pro-inflammatory alterations in Hofbauer cell programs. Together, these experiments will generate key insights into how maternal obesity and associated priming of maternal monocytes and placental macrophages may drive maternal morbidity in the setting of COVID-19. Monocyte-macrophage priming can be used not only to identify women at risk for morbidity, but are targetable mechanisms that can inform novel therapies.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Ablation", "Abruptio Placentae", "Administrative Supplement", "Affect", "Attention", "Biological", "Biological Markers", "Brain", "COVID-19", "Cells", "Cognitive deficits", "Color", "Data", "Discipline of obstetrics", "Disease", "Enrollment", "Exposure to", "Fetal Growth Retardation", "Functional disorder", "Funding", "General Hospitals", "Hippocampus (Brain)", "Human", "Immune", "Immune response", "Incidence", "Infection", "Inflammation", "Inflammatory", "Inflammatory Response", "Knowledge", "Laboratories", "Learning", "Ligands", "Light", "Macrophage Activation", "Massachusetts", "Maternal Mortality", "Mediating", "Metabolic", "Microglia", "Morbidity - disease rate", "Mothers", "Obesity", "Outcome", "Pathogenesis", "Peripheral", "Phenotype", "Placenta", "Play", "Population", "Positioning Attribute", "Pre-Eclampsia", "Pregnancy", "Pregnant Women", "Production", "Public Health", "Reporting", "Risk", "Risk Assessment", "Role", "Severities", "Severity of illness", "Signal Transduction", "Spontaneous abortion", "Syndrome", "Techniques", "Testing", "Tissues", "Toll-like receptors", "Vertical Disease Transmission", "Virus", "Weight", "Woman", "Work", "adverse outcome", "base", "biobank", "comorbidity", "cytokine", "cytokine release syndrome", "experience", "experimental study", "fetal", "health disparity", "immune activation", "in utero", "insight", "low socioeconomic status", "macrophage", "maternal comorbidity", "maternal morbidity", "maternal obesity", "maternal outcome", "monocyte", "mother nutrition", "mouse model", "neonate", "novel", "novel coronavirus", "novel therapeutics", "offspring", "parent grant", "peripheral blood", "pre-clinical", "programs", "response", "severe maternal morbidity", "single-cell RNA sequencing", "stillbirth", "targeted treatment", "transcriptome" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "5579", "attributes": { "award_id": "3D43TW010557-04S1", "title": "Multidisciplinary Research Training to Understand and Reduce HIV Incidence in Uganda", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "NIH Office of the Director" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 19345, "first_name": "GEETHA PARTHASARATHY", "last_name": "Bansal", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2018-05-10", "end_date": "2023-01-31", "award_amount": 74219, "principal_investigator": { "id": 19346, "first_name": "Larry William", "last_name": "Chang", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 344, "ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95", "name": "Johns Hopkins University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MD", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "While substantial progress have been made in the global HIV response, impact have been uneven. Uganda provides a prime case study. Uganda was an early epicenter of the epidemic, with the first report of “slim disease” in East Africa published by our group in 1985. Over the next two decades, Uganda was a leader in efforts to control the epidemic. More recently, new HIV infections remain substantial, particularly in hard-to- reach subpopulations, and the modern Ugandan response to the HIV epidemic presents an improving but mixed picture. Despite moderate scale-up of HIV services, it is estimated that there are still approximately 28,000 yearly AIDS-related deaths and 83,000 new infections in the setting of suboptimal antiretroviral therapy and male circumcision coverage. High mobility, suboptimal linkage and retention in care, persistent high risky sexual behaviors, and an incomplete understanding of HIV transmission dynamics continue to compromise an optimal response. Adding to these challenges are the increasing identification of HIV “hotspots” in Uganda, geographic areas of high HIV burden, where HIV services are often limited. Uganda, like most PEPFAR countries, has adopted more aggressive approaches, including Test and Treat All and introducing Pre- Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP). However, the impact of these approaches is unclear and will need close monitoring to understand their implementation and impact. This complexities of HIV transmission dynamics and responses raise many critical research questions which impact both Ugandan and Sub-Saharan African policies and programs. In order to address these research areas, it is essential that local capacity be strengthened. In particular, we believe capacity must be built in a multidisciplinary fashion to better understand and reduce HIV incidence in Uganda and beyond, a high priority NIH research area. Our group has a long and successful legacy of training leaders in HIV research and are strongly positioned to build upon this foundation. We propose a multidisciplinary approach to developing scientific capacity in Uganda which will emphasize 3 synergistic areas: (1) Implementation Science, (2) Geospatial Analysis/Infectious Disease Dynamics and (3) Virology/Immunology/HIV Cure. These disciplines span the clinic, community, modeling, and the lab sciences and will ensure that we reach the long-term goals and objectives of the program, which are that Ugandan institutions will have the research capacity needed to understand, respond to, and eventually control the HIV epidemic. We will involve 22 trainees in multidisciplinary bachelor, master's, PhD, and post- graduate level training, mostly in Uganda. The primary beneficiaries of this training will be the Rakai Health Sciences Program and the Makerere University School of Public Health in Uganda with whom Johns Hopkins University, the applicant institution, has had a highly successful collaborative relationship for 30 years. Our anticipated outcome is to have developed a world-class cadre of Ugandan research capacity capable of leading Uganda to the end of its HIV epidemic.", "keywords": [ "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome", "Address", "Adopted", "Africa", "African", "Area", "Caring", "Case Study", "Cessation of life", "Clinic", "Communicable Diseases", "Communities", "Country", "Discipline", "Doctor of Philosophy", "Educational Status", "Ensure", "Epidemic", "Foundations", "Geographic Locations", "Goals", "HIV", "HIV Infections", "HIV Wasting Syndrome", "Health Sciences", "Immunology", "Incidence", "Infection", "Institution", "Interdisciplinary Study", "Male Circumcision", "Modeling", "Modernization", "Monitor", "Outcome", "Policies", "Positioning Attribute", "Public Health Schools", "Publishing", "Reporting", "Research", "Research Training", "Science", "Services", "Testing", "Training", "Uganda", "United States National Institutes of Health", "Universities", "antiretroviral therapy", "beneficiary", "high risk sexual behavior", "implementation science", "improved", "interdisciplinary approach", "multidisciplinary", "pre-exposure prophylaxis", "programs", "response", "scale up", "transmission process", "virology" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11853", "attributes": { "award_id": "1K23AI177952-01", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy: Comparison of Natural Infection and Hybrid Immunity in Mother-Infant Pairs", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6243, "first_name": "BROOKE ALLISON", "last_name": "Bozick", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2023-07-05", "end_date": "2028-06-30", "award_amount": 203580, "principal_investigator": { "id": 27747, "first_name": "Mary Catherine", "last_name": "Cambou", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 818, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "While the clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy ranges from asymptomatic to critical disease, pregnancy itself augments the risk of severe and critical COVID-19. The leading obstetrical societies in the U.S. recommend COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination in pregnancy to prevent severe disease. Furthermore, passive immunity to the neonate via transplacental transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is critically important during the first six months of life, particularly as the COVID-19 vaccines are approved only for children >six months of age. Hybrid immunity, defined as vaccine-induced immunity before or after natural infection with SARS-CoV-2, produces a more robust response in non-pregnant populations than either type in isolation. The long-term inflammatory and immunologic responses to SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity in pregnancy, a state marked by tightly regulated T cell control and immune modulation, compared to natural infection are unknown. As SARS-CoV-2 becomes endemic, this proposal will address a gap in the literature that has focused primarily on natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy compared to vaccine-induced immunity. Leveraging the existing COVID-19 Outcomes in Mother-Infant Pairs (COMP) study, a longitudinal cohort that follows 225 mother-infant dyads diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy, the proposal seeks to better understand the long- term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity in pregnancy. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity compared to natural infection in pregnancy confers protection against postpartum complications, leads to less maternal systemic inflammation, and results in more robust immune responses in mother-infant pairs. The study aims are: 1) to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of peripartum and delayed postpartum complications of COVID-19 in pregnancy between those with SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity, and those with natural infection; 2) to compare the systemic inflammatory landscapes, as measured by cytokine profiles, of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity and natural infection at delivery and one year postpartum; and 3) to evaluate cellular and humoral immune responses to the ancestral and Omicron (BA.5) strains following COVID-19 in pregnancy at delivery and six months postpartum in mother-infant dyads with SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity compared to natural infection. The K23 will support Dr. Cambou to develop advanced skills in 1) applied immunology, 2) perinatal infections, and 3) cytokine analysis, in order to become an effective translational physician-scientist. Dr. Karin Nielsen, a world-renowned pediatric infectious diseases (ID) expert in perinatal infections, will serve as the primary mentor. Co-mentors Drs. Otto O. Yang and Grace Aldrovandi, experts in viral immunology, have over 20 years of continuous NIH funding and proven track records of successful mentorship. Co-mentor Dr. Debika Bhattacharya will offer guidance as an adult ID clinical researcher in perinatal viral infections. The K23 will allow Dr. Cambou to carve out a unique niche of multidisciplinary research blending immunology with viral infections in pregnancy, in order to launch her career as an independent investigator.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Address", "Adult", "Age Months", "Biological Assay", "Birth", "CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 complications", "COVID-19 diagnosis", "COVID-19 severity", "COVID-19 treatment", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Childhood", "Clinical", "Communicable Diseases", "Data", "Diagnosis", "Discipline of obstetrics", "Disease", "Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay", "Fetal health", "Foundations", "Funding", "Future", "Hybrids", "Immune", "Immune response", "Immunity", "Immunoglobulin G", "Immunology", "Infant", "Infection", "Inflammatory", "Inflammatory Response", "Interdisciplinary Study", "Interferon Type II", "Knowledge", "Life", "Literature", "Longitudinal cohort", "Maternal Health", "Measures", "Mentors", "Mentorship", "Messenger RNA", "Mothers", "Neonatal", "Neutralization Tests", "Nucleocapsid", "Only Child", "Outcome", "Participant", "Passive Immunity", "Perinatal", "Perinatal Infection", "Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell", "Phase", "Population", "Postpartum Period", "Pregnancy", "Pregnant Women", "Prevalence", "Proteins", "RNA vaccination", "Recommendation", "Records", "Research Personnel", "Risk", "Risk Factors", "Role", "SARS-CoV-2 antibody", "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "SARS-CoV-2 spike protein", "Scientist", "Serology", "Seroprevalences", "Site", "Societies", "T cell response", "T-Lymphocyte", "Testing", "Therapeutic", "Time", "Translating", "United States National Institutes of Health", "Vaccination", "Vaccines", "Viral", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "biomarker development", "biomarker identification", "career", "cytokine", "emerging pathogen", "env Gene Products", "immunoregulation", "improved", "insight", "maternal morbidity", "maternal outcome", "maternal risk", "neonatal health", "neonate", "neutralizing antibody", "pandemic disease", "pathogenic virus", "placental transfer", "post SARS-CoV-2 infection", "postpartum complications", "prevent", "receptor binding", "response", "risk stratification", "skills", "sociodemographics", "stem", "systemic inflammatory response", "therapeutic development", "translational physician", "treatment guidelines", "vaccine development", "vaccine strategy", "vaccine-induced immunity" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "14962", "attributes": { "award_id": "5K23AI177952-02", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy: Comparison of Natural Infection and Hybrid Immunity in Mother-Infant Pairs", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6243, "first_name": "BROOKE ALLISON", "last_name": "Bozick", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2023-07-05", "end_date": "2028-06-30", "award_amount": 203580, "principal_investigator": { "id": 27747, "first_name": "Mary Catherine", "last_name": "Cambou", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 818, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "While the clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy ranges from asymptomatic to critical disease, pregnancy itself augments the risk of severe and critical COVID-19. The leading obstetrical societies in the U.S. recommend COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination in pregnancy to prevent severe disease. Furthermore, passive immunity to the neonate via transplacental transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is critically important during the first six months of life, particularly as the COVID-19 vaccines are approved only for children >six months of age. Hybrid immunity, defined as vaccine-induced immunity before or after natural infection with SARS-CoV-2, produces a more robust response in non-pregnant populations than either type in isolation. The long-term inflammatory and immunologic responses to SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity in pregnancy, a state marked by tightly regulated T cell control and immune modulation, compared to natural infection are unknown. As SARS-CoV-2 becomes endemic, this proposal will address a gap in the literature that has focused primarily on natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy compared to vaccine-induced immunity. Leveraging the existing COVID-19 Outcomes in Mother-Infant Pairs (COMP) study, a longitudinal cohort that follows 225 mother-infant dyads diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy, the proposal seeks to better understand the long- term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity in pregnancy. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity compared to natural infection in pregnancy confers protection against postpartum complications, leads to less maternal systemic inflammation, and results in more robust immune responses in mother-infant pairs. The study aims are: 1) to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of peripartum and delayed postpartum complications of COVID-19 in pregnancy between those with SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity, and those with natural infection; 2) to compare the systemic inflammatory landscapes, as measured by cytokine profiles, of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity and natural infection at delivery and one year postpartum; and 3) to evaluate cellular and humoral immune responses to the ancestral and Omicron (BA.5) strains following COVID-19 in pregnancy at delivery and six months postpartum in mother-infant dyads with SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity compared to natural infection. The K23 will support Dr. Cambou to develop advanced skills in 1) applied immunology, 2) perinatal infections, and 3) cytokine analysis, in order to become an effective translational physician-scientist. Dr. Karin Nielsen, a world-renowned pediatric infectious diseases (ID) expert in perinatal infections, will serve as the primary mentor. Co-mentors Drs. Otto O. Yang and Grace Aldrovandi, experts in viral immunology, have over 20 years of continuous NIH funding and proven track records of successful mentorship. Co-mentor Dr. Debika Bhattacharya will offer guidance as an adult ID clinical researcher in perinatal viral infections. The K23 will allow Dr. Cambou to carve out a unique niche of multidisciplinary research blending immunology with viral infections in pregnancy, in order to launch her career as an independent investigator.", "keywords": [], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "752", "attributes": { "award_id": "2049201", "title": "Doctoral Dissertation Research: Successive Disasters, Resilience, and Household Asset Management", "funder": { "id": 3, "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62", "name": "National Science Foundation", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences (SBE)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 1764, "first_name": "Jeffrey", "last_name": "Mantz", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2021-02-15", "end_date": "2022-12-31", "award_amount": 25034, "principal_investigator": { "id": 1766, "first_name": "Florence", "last_name": "Babb", "orcid": null, "emails": "[email protected]", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 166, "ror": "https://ror.org/0130frc33", "name": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "NC", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 1765, "first_name": "Maja", "last_name": "Jeranko", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 166, "ror": "https://ror.org/0130frc33", "name": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "NC", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 pandemic has brought a range of regulations that exacerbated existing housing tensions or created new ones, households already living in conditions of socio-economic hardship or burdened by recovery from previous disasters have been particularly affected. This doctoral dissertation focuses on post-disaster asset allocation, specifically on housing and titles, to understand not only how humans respond to disasters and subsequent initiatives, but also how they create mechanisms for future resilience. It seeks to analyze whether demographic differences in homeownership influence outcomes in socio-economic capacity, social relations, decision-making, and personal autonomy after a disaster. The COVID-19 dimension offers a rare opportunity to analyze the factors associated with capacities to withstand different shocks. In addition to providing funding for the training of a graduate student, this project will also engage a wider audience by broadly disseminating its findings to organizations and policymakers invested in disaster relief.This ethnographic project centers on three neighborhoods devastated by successive disasters (a natural disaster, followed by COVID-19), and received differential post-disaster support. Post-disaster housing is explored as a site for analyzing the intersections between macro-level processes (disasters and subsequent initiatives) and their micro-level effects (intra-household dynamics). The researcher will collect data through participant observation, a survey and semi-structured interviews, to analyze a) how has the well-being of households been influenced by their degree of participation in post-earthquake initiatives; b) how does the response to COVID-19 and associated regulations affect intra-household dynamics; and c) how does successive disaster experience affect varied individual capacities and responses to the pandemic. The project offers the opportunity to gain comparative insights into how social relations are reconfigured within households and communities amidst successive disasters. The collected data will contribute to the anthropology of disasters, households, and assets. Focusing on social relations at the intersection of housing and disasters, close attention to COVID-19 will enhance the anthropological understanding of the social impact of epidemics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "keywords": [], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "1812", "attributes": { "award_id": "2028534", "title": "RAPID: Collaborative Research: Understanding At-Risk Adolescents' and Parents' Daily Experiences During COVID-19", "funder": { "id": 3, "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62", "name": "National Science Foundation", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences (SBE)" ], "program_reference_codes": [ "096Z", "7914" ], "program_officials": [ { "id": 4789, "first_name": "Naomi", "last_name": "Hall-Byers", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2020-05-01", "end_date": "2023-04-30", "award_amount": 98435, "principal_investigator": { "id": 4790, "first_name": "April", "last_name": "Thomas", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0000-2529-9660", "emails": "[email protected]", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": "['https://www.adolescentlab.com/']", "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 446, "ror": "", "name": "University of Texas at El Paso", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "TX", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 446, "ror": "", "name": "University of Texas at El Paso", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "TX", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 pandemic has far-reaching effects on communities and individuals, its impact on at-risk youth may be particularly pervasive and distinct. This RAPID project will study how at-risk adolescents and their parents experience COVID-19 in the initial time period following the novel coronavirus pandemic. The research will compare adolescents’ sleep, social skills, social relationship quality, stress, mood, substance use, mental health symptoms, physical health, psychosocial development, externalizing behavior, and delinquency across the COVID-19 outbreak. The project also will examine whether juvenile incarceration exacerbates the potential impact of COVID-19 on youth outcomes. The project will engage in a longitudinal study of at-risk (justice-involved, low-SES) adolescents to address how adolescent-parent dyads respond to and are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research will use multiple methods, including self-report, collateral report, official records from the partnering department of probation, electronic daily diary reports, and actigraph technology, to assess changes in adolescents’ and parents’ functioning on a variety of outcomes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings will evince physical and mental health risks in response to the pandemic among at-risk youth. As well, the research will provide best practices for juvenile detention facilities and departments of probation in times of crises to ensure that youth continue to receive important rehabilitative services while maintaining the health and safety of youth, legal actors, and community members. Results will contribute to the limited existing knowledge base on the needs, risks, and potential protective factors of a vulnerable group of youth during a global state of emergency.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "keywords": [], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "1823", "attributes": { "award_id": "2028576", "title": "RAPID: Collaborative Research: Understanding At-Risk Adolescents' and Parents' Daily Experiences During COVID-19", "funder": { "id": 3, "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62", "name": "National Science Foundation", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences (SBE)" ], "program_reference_codes": [ "096Z", "7914" ], "program_officials": [ { "id": 4814, "first_name": "Naomi", "last_name": "Hall-Byers", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2020-05-01", "end_date": "2021-04-30", "award_amount": 15907, "principal_investigator": { "id": 4815, "first_name": "Caitlin", "last_name": "Cavanagh", "orcid": null, "emails": "[email protected]", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 521, "ror": "https://ror.org/05hs6h993", "name": "Michigan State University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 521, "ror": "https://ror.org/05hs6h993", "name": "Michigan State University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 pandemic has far-reaching effects on communities and individuals, its impact on at-risk youth may be particularly pervasive and distinct. This RAPID project will study how at-risk adolescents and their parents experience COVID-19 in the initial time period following the novel coronavirus pandemic. The research will compare adolescents’ sleep, social skills, social relationship quality, stress, mood, substance use, mental health symptoms, physical health, psychosocial development, externalizing behavior, and delinquency across the COVID-19 outbreak. The project also will examine whether juvenile incarceration exacerbates the potential impact of COVID-19 on youth outcomes. The project will engage in a longitudinal study of at-risk (justice-involved, low-SES) adolescents to address how adolescent-parent dyads respond to and are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research will use multiple methods, including self-report, collateral report, official records from the partnering department of probation, electronic daily diary reports, and actigraph technology, to assess changes in adolescents’ and parents’ functioning on a variety of outcomes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings will evince physical and mental health risks in response to the pandemic among at-risk youth. As well, the research will provide best practices for juvenile detention facilities and departments of probation in times of crises to ensure that youth continue to receive important rehabilitative services while maintaining the health and safety of youth, legal actors, and community members. Results will contribute to the limited existing knowledge base on the needs, risks, and potential protective factors of a vulnerable group of youth during a global state of emergency.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "keywords": [], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "6828", "attributes": { "award_id": "1F31MD017133-01", "title": "More than the money: how assets and stressors shaped depression across racial/ethnic groups during COVID-19", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6103, "first_name": "Nancy Lynne", "last_name": "Jones", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-01-16", "end_date": "2024-01-15", "award_amount": 46036, "principal_investigator": { "id": 22655, "first_name": "Catherine K", "last_name": "Ettman", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 222, "ror": "https://ror.org/05gq02987", "name": "Brown University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "RI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 222, "ror": "https://ror.org/05gq02987", "name": "Brown University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "RI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 pandemic upended daily life for most people, the economic and mental health effects of the pandemic and its consequences have not been borne equally. With the economic fallout from the pandemic falling disproportionately on racial and ethnic minorities as well as women, it is possible and likely that mental health disparities are widening between the groups with access to assets relative to groups without assets. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to what has been called the most unequal recession in history, it is possible that the gaps in mental health will widen over time, particularly for persons with overlapping marginalized identities that historically reported greater burden of depression and less access to assets. Our previous work shows that unequal access to assets, in part as a result of historical and structural exclusion of racial minorities from wealth accumulation, may explain differences in patterns of depression across racial and ethnic groups. Several unknowns remain: (1) the effects of stressors and multiple assets on depression across race/ethnicity, gender, and age groups across the COVID-19 pandemic and at the intersection of these identities, (2) trends in stressor exposure and depression incidence over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) the influence of assets at different levels (e.g., individual, household, and neighborhood) in protecting against depression by group status. This Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) Individual Predoctoral Fellowship (Parent F31) application builds on preliminary research that the investigator has conducted and aims to understand the influence of stressors and assets on depression during the COVID-19 pandemic at multiple timepoints across different and intersecting groups. The proposed work, grounded in an eco-social framework, will use data from two original surveys, including (1) a probability-based, nationally representative, longitudinal sample collected in March-April 2020 and 12-months later in March-April 2021 and (2) a probability-based urban sample collected in November 2020-April 2021 that includes geospatial data facilitating spatial analysis of neighborhood assets. Together, these datasets will allow for assessment of the role of stressors and assets at multiple levels in shaping the risk of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying economic downturn as well as the disparities in depression that have grown due to growing gaps in economic status. Understanding how social and economic contexts intersect with multiple identities, be they racial/ethnic, gender, or age, can inform policy and medical interventions to address the rising mental illness in the U.S. while also informing decision making following other largescale events in the future towards the end of reducing disparities in mental illness.", "keywords": [ "Address", "Adult", "Affect", "Age", "Applications Grants", "Award", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 mortality", "COVID-19 pandemic", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Characteristics", "Data", "Data Set", "Decision Making", "Disasters", "Economic Factors", "Economics", "Elderly", "Equilibrium", "Ethnic Origin", "Ethnic group", "Event", "Exclusion", "Exposure to", "Face", "Faculty", "Fellowship", "Fright", "Future", "Gender", "Geographic Information Systems", "Home", "Household", "Incidence", "Income", "Individual", "Individual National Research Service Award", "Intervention", "Job loss", "Lead", "Life", "Literature", "Location", "Measures", "Medical", "Mental Depression", "Mental Health", "Mental disorders", "Minority Groups", "Morbidity - disease rate", "Neighborhoods", "Outcome", "Ownership", "Parents", "Pattern", "Personal Satisfaction", "Persons", "Policies", "Policy Maker", "Population", "Positioning Attribute", "Postdoctoral Fellow", "Prevalence", "Probability", "Race", "Recording of previous events", "Reporting", "Research", "Research Personnel", "Research Training", "Risk", "Risk Factors", "Role", "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "Sampling", "Savings", "Severities", "Shapes", "Surveys", "Target Populations", "Time", "Trauma", "Woman", "Work", "age group", "base", "depressive symptoms", "disparity reduction", "ethnic minority population", "falls", "health disparity", "information system analysis", "men", "pandemic disease", "pre-doctoral", "protective factors", "racial and ethnic", "racial minority", "resilience", "social", "social factors", "stressor", "transmission process", "traumatic event", "trend" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "7721", "attributes": { "award_id": "1ZIAAI000940-17", "title": "Pathogenesis of Tick-Borne Flavivirus Infections", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [], "start_date": null, "end_date": null, "award_amount": 1270472, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23513, "first_name": "Marshall", "last_name": "Bloom", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 1540, "ror": "https://ror.org/043z4tv69", "name": "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MD", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1540, "ror": "https://ror.org/043z4tv69", "name": "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MD", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 pandemic, caused the novel -coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, ravages the world and has disrupted much biomedical research, infections with vector- borne flaviviruses continue their inexorable march as important emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens. The tick borne flaviviruses (TBFV) include tick borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, Kyasanur forest disease virus, Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus, Powassan/deer tick virus (POWV/DTV) and Langat virus (LGTV). TBFV are generally transmitted to humans by ixodid ticks, and cause a spectrum of disease ranging from mild febrile illness to encephalitis, meningitis or hemorrhagic fevers. In the US, the cases of all tick-borne infections are increasing dramatically. POWV/DTV are the only autochthonous TBFV and case reports of serious illness and death are also on the increase. Importantly, POWV/DTV is transmitted by Ixodes scapularis ticks, the same vector that transmits the agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, as well as several other emerging agents. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation of various tick-borne infections is needed to fully unravel the biology of the TBFV. These pathogens will continue to pose public health problems even in the face of the coronavirus pandemic. The mosquito borne flaviviruses include West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), dengue virus (DEN) and yellow fever virus (YFV). The dramatic and ongoing pandemic attributed to the MBFV Zika virus is important because of its capacity to cause a severe congenital Zika disease as well an ever increasing spectrum of neurological syndromes in adults. Our current investigations are focused on the TBFV, but studying the biology of TBFV will illuminate the biology of other vector borne viruses. The research in our laboratory employs virology, immunology, entomology, advanced imaging techniques, genomics, cell biology, molecular biology, and vector biology. We study LGTV, a naturally attenuated member of the TBFV that can be safely studied at Biosafety Level-2 (BSL-2) as well as the virulent autochthonous BSL-3 POWV/DTV. These viruses are not Select Agents which greatly facilitates research studies. In addition, we have also continued to study the BSL2 MBFV, Zika virus. With the persistent emergence of Zika in the western hemisphere, similar avenues of inquiry are being explored for that vexatious pathogen. TBFV biology in ex vivo cultures of I. scapularis organs. Infection in ticks is patently a critical feature of TBFV biology, but it is woefully understudied. Transmission of TBFV from the bite an Ixodes scapularis tick can occur in less than 15 minutes; thus virus biology in salivary glands (SG) is of considerable interest. In the past year, we extended our studies of ex vivo SG cultures to include male ticks. The feeding behavior of male ticks differs from that of females and their possible role in pathogen transmission unclear. We demonstrated that TBFV initiate a productive infection in male tick SG cultures, inferring that male ticks may also play a role in virus transmission. Confocal microscopy of SG cultures infected with a GFP-expressing TBFV revealed that not all granular acini support infection. This finding suggested that virus may target specific types of acini and specific cell types in SG. Thus, SG cultures likely provide a convenient and controlled system in which to look for genes associated with POWV replication and to assay antiviral countermeasures. Another aspect of this project involves identifying transcripts in SG cultures of female ixodid ticks that promote infection or are proviral. Since SG are the final barrier to transmission from the tick, identification of such genes would be of considerable interest, because proviral transcripts might serve as potential targets for countermeasure development. To date, four proviral transcripts have been identified via RNA interference assays in flavivirus-infected salivary gland cultures. Current ongoing research will finalize these RNA interference assays using salivary gland cultures from female ixodid ticks. Extending this work to confirm a proviral function of these transcripts in infected whole ticks would be logical. Finally, pathogen-tick interaction studies need to be confirmed in intact ticks, and furthermore emerging evidence from other groups indicates that the physiology of replete and partially fed ticks differs from unfed ticks. For example, TBFV grows to higher levels in fed ticks versus unfed ticks. Thus, it will be key to elucidate TBFV infection in ticks during various stages of blood feeding. We are approaching this issue by studying tick attachment, TBFV uptake and reproduction during blood feeding by means of small capsules with silicone-based membrane submerged in blood.. We have optimized female tick attachment using this setup and have confirmed partial feeding within these ticks. Ongoing work is confirming virus uptake using this method and characterizing virus replication as the ticks feed. This strategy will be very useful for various applications dealing with pathogen-tick studies during feeding. Since it does not involve live mammals as a target, the method will also be convenient for studying high consequence pathogens. This work was done by post-doctoral fellow Dr. Jeffrey Grabowski and post-baccalaureate trainee Luke Kendall. Microbial interactions within the microbiome of the tick Ixodes scapularis Studies indicate that B. burgdorferi can infect over 70% of I. scapularis ticks in some regions of the U.S., while POWV/DTV infects less than 5%. Similarly, the bacterial endosymbiont Rickettsia buchneri can achieve infection rates of 100% of the I. scapularis populations in some U.S. regions. Although there may be multiple reasons to explain this range of infection rates, one intriguing possibility is that ticks infected with one microbe may be less susceptible to infection by a second agent. Dr. Phillip Stewart joined BVBVS last year, bringing a wealth of experience in B. burgdorferi and other tick bacteria. Thus, we were able to establish a new project to probe for interactions (beneficial or antagonistic) between microbial species inhabiting I. scapularis. As this tick species is the leading vector of disease in the U.S., identifying such interactions may highlight methods to disrupt the infectious cycle of pathogens. Progress in this project was also halted by COVID-19, and results are minimal so far. However, the specific aims of this project are: 1.) Establish new techniques to study potential interactions between the microbial symbionts of the tick I. scapularis. We have adapted existing in vitro cell culture systems and in vivo animal models to sequentially introduce specific microbial species and directly assess their impact on the ability of a second agent to infect and persist. For the predominant symbiont R. buchneri, we are establishing methods to eliminate this endosymbiont from I. scapularis individuals, which will allow us to compare infection rates of both B. burgdorferi and POWV in these dysbiosed ticks. 2.) Identify the mechanisms of interactions between these microbes. Molecular pathogenesis of TBFV infections. In the past year Dr. Dylan Flather continued to employ genome wide loss of function studies to identify cellular genes that modulate TBFV infections, notably the autochthonous BSL3 TBFV POWV/DTV. Haploid mutagenized or Genome-Scale CRISPR Knock-Out (GecKO) lentiviral transduced cell pools, which contain individual knockouts of nearly all non-essential human genes, were infected with POWV. Deep sequencing of surviving cell populations allowed for the identification of deleted genes that are putative pro-viral host factors, as cells lacking these genes persist in cell culture following infection. 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