Represents Grant table in the DB

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            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "12218",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1R01HL169760-01",
                "title": "Bispecific immunotherapeutic delivery system for lung diseases",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "funder_divisions": [
                    "National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)"
                ],
                "program_reference_codes": [],
                "program_officials": [
                    {
                        "id": 22589,
                        "first_name": "CHRISTIAN RENE",
                        "last_name": "Gomez",
                        "orcid": null,
                        "emails": "",
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                ],
                "start_date": "2023-08-01",
                "end_date": "2027-05-31",
                "award_amount": 924314,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 28090,
                    "first_name": "Jan Eugeniusz",
                    "last_name": "Schnitzer",
                    "orcid": null,
                    "emails": "",
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                    "approved": true,
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                },
                "other_investigators": [],
                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 2076,
                    "ror": "",
                    "name": "PROTEOGENOMICS RESEARCH INSTIT/SYS/ MED",
                    "address": "",
                    "city": "",
                    "state": "CA",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
                    "approved": true
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                "abstract": "Modern medicine has created precision drugs blocking a single therapeutic target like TGF-β with high affinity and specificity. Yet treating lung diseases remains challenging in part because lung microvascular endothelium represents a key restrictive barrier to effective drug delivery. Current systemic therapeutics rely solely on convection and diffusion to extravasate passively into the tissue interstitium where disease targets and cells can readily be reached and directly treated. The goal of this research proposal is to design, develop and test a novel drug delivery system for immunotherapeutics that overcomes this key barrier by targeting caveolae to facilitate active and specific transcytosis into lungs after intravenous injection. The ideal is to deliver the entire therapeutic dose inside the lung tissue with all other tissues minimally exposed. We attempt to approach this ideal by achieving robust transendothelial pumping precisely into lung tissue to comprehensively block the therapeutic target TGF-β, which regulates inflammation and remodeling in diseased tissues. Because TGF-β also exerts various homeostatic effects in many organs, caution is necessary when systemic targeting of its function is attempted. Precision lung targeting proposed here will maximize efficacy and therapeutic indices by minimizing dosages, eliminating toxicities, and reducing cost of treatment. To that end, we have genetically engineered the first “dual precision” immunotherapeutics, namely bispecific antibodies in quad format with one arm pair mediating precise binding/delivery to and penetration of lung tissue via caveolae pumping and the other pair constituting the precision therapeutic modality that blocks TGF-β effector function. Active transendothelial delivery improved precision lung targeting by 100-fold over standard passive transport. Delivering most of the injected dose into lungs within 1 hour enhanced therapeutic potency by >1000-fold in a rat pneumonitis model. Now our goal is to expand this promising preliminary work and further improve and rigorously test this drug delivery system to treat key lung diseases at distinct stages ranging from early acute inflammation to chronic and progressive fibrosis. We will optimize lung targeting of our dual precision immunotherapeutics and study their specific lung delivery, penetration, accumulation, localization, and therapeutic impact in rats using multiple imaging techniques (SPECT-CT, IVM, EM, and IHC). Therapeutic effects will be assessed in a rat bleomycin model that reproduces pathological hallmarks of many fatal human diseases including ALI, ARDS, COVID, pneumonias, and fibrosis. Our specific aims are: 1) to engineer and evaluate distinct caveolae-targeted antibody constructs for precision active delivery into normal lung tissue, 2) to quantify targeting and optimize delivery of bispecific immunotherapeutics in lung disease, 3) to test efficacy of bispecific immunotherapeutics to ameliorate lung disease and block TGF-β pathways. This work sets a foundation for caveolae-targeted therapies and could begin a paradigm shift from passive to active drug delivery for many diseases.",
                "keywords": [
                    "Acute",
                    "Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome",
                    "Address",
                    "Affect",
                    "Affinity",
                    "Animals",
                    "Antibodies",
                    "Antiinflammatory Effect",
                    "Automobile Driving",
                    "Binding",
                    "Biodistribution",
                    "Biological Markers",
                    "Biological Products",
                    "Bispecific Antibodies",
                    "Bleomycin",
                    "Blood Vessels",
                    "Cause of Death",
                    "Caveolae",
                    "Cells",
                    "Cessation of life",
                    "Chimeric Proteins",
                    "Chronic",
                    "Clinical",
                    "Convection",
                    "Cytokine Signaling",
                    "Data",
                    "Diffusion",
                    "Disease",
                    "Dose",
                    "Drug Delivery Systems",
                    "Drug Targeting",
                    "Endothelial Cells",
                    "Endothelium",
                    "Engineering",
                    "Exhibits",
                    "Extravasation",
                    "Fibrosis",
                    "Foundations",
                    "Genetic Engineering",
                    "Goals",
                    "Histopathology",
                    "Hour",
                    "Image",
                    "Imaging Techniques",
                    "Immunotherapeutic agent",
                    "In Vitro",
                    "Inflammation",
                    "Inflammatory",
                    "Intravenous",
                    "Lung",
                    "Lung diseases",
                    "Magic",
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                    "Modern Medicine",
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                    "Pathology",
                    "Pathway interactions",
                    "Penetration",
                    "Pharmaceutical Preparations",
                    "Phosphorylation",
                    "Physiology",
                    "Pneumonia",
                    "Pre-Clinical Model",
                    "Precision therapeutics",
                    "Preclinical Testing",
                    "Property",
                    "Pulmonary Inflammation",
                    "Pulmonary Pathology",
                    "Pump",
                    "Rattus",
                    "Research Proposals",
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                    "Signal Transduction",
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                    "Structure of parenchyma of lung",
                    "System",
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                    "Therapeutic",
                    "Therapeutic Effect",
                    "Therapeutic Index",
                    "Time",
                    "Tissues",
                    "Toxic effect",
                    "Transforming Growth Factor beta",
                    "Treatment Cost",
                    "Treatment Efficacy",
                    "Vascular Endothelial Cell",
                    "Vascular Endothelium",
                    "Work",
                    "Workplace",
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                    "comparative",
                    "coronavirus disease",
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                    "dosage",
                    "drug testing",
                    "efficacy testing",
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                    "human disease",
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                    "intravenous injection",
                    "novel",
                    "novel therapeutics",
                    "passive transport",
                    "pneumonitis and fibrosis",
                    "precision drugs",
                    "prevent",
                    "prophylactic",
                    "protein expression",
                    "prototype",
                    "research clinical testing",
                    "response",
                    "single photon emission computed tomography",
                    "targeted treatment",
                    "therapeutic target",
                    "therapy outcome",
                    "transcytosis",
                    "uptake"
                ],
                "approved": true
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "12219",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1R35GM148184-01",
                "title": "Modular synthesis of antibiotic and anticancer classes of natural products",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "funder_divisions": [
                    "National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)"
                ],
                "program_reference_codes": [],
                "program_officials": [
                    {
                        "id": 24421,
                        "first_name": "Jiong",
                        "last_name": "Yang",
                        "orcid": null,
                        "emails": "",
                        "private_emails": "",
                        "keywords": null,
                        "approved": true,
                        "websites": null,
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                        "comments": null,
                        "affiliations": []
                    }
                ],
                "start_date": "2023-08-01",
                "end_date": "2028-07-31",
                "award_amount": 427433,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 28091,
                    "first_name": "Ian Bass",
                    "last_name": "Seiple",
                    "orcid": null,
                    "emails": "",
                    "private_emails": "",
                    "keywords": null,
                    "approved": true,
                    "websites": null,
                    "desired_collaboration": null,
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                    "affiliations": []
                },
                "other_investigators": [],
                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 768,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/043mz5j54",
                    "name": "University of California, San Francisco",
                    "address": "",
                    "city": "",
                    "state": "CA",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "abstract": "This proposal summarizes ongoing projects in our laboratory focused on natural product classes that have promising biological activity but are burdened with limitations that have prevented them from reaching their therapeutic potential. These classes are structurally complex and modification of their is challenging by semisynthetic and biosynthetic methods. We aim to develop fully synthetic routes to these classes from simple building blocks, enabling chemical modification to overcome their limitations. These efforts are informed by binding data (X-ray or cryo-EM) for each class. The primary goals of project outlined herein are to 1) expand structure–function relationships for each of these important classes of molecules, and 2) discover potent analogs that are suitable for hit-to-lead optimization or for use as tools to study biological systems. Additionally, development of the synthetic routes themselves is highly innovative, and is often accompanied by development of methods that are broadly applicable in chemistry. These efforts mirror our work on streptogramin and lankacidin antibiotics, which was a primary focus in our Early Stage Investigator MIRA (R35GM128656), and led to structural reassignments and to a potent hit compound with activity against resistant strains in vivo.  Much of the biology for this work will be enabled by collaboration. Five of the projects summarized herein focus on the development of novel antibiotics that target the ribosome and membrane proteins. Due to our ongoing work in this area, we have several collaborations in place to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, in vivo efficacy, and target engagement of new analogs. Beyond antibiotics, we propose to synthesize and derivatize classes that target Hsp90, an anticancer target, and eEF1A, an anticancer and antiviral target. Evaluation of these compounds for inhibitory activity, isoform selectivity, and binding will be enabled by new collaborations, expanding the scope of our research. With chemical innovation paired with strong biological investigation, we anticipate that the work outlined herein will lead to exciting discoveries in chemical synthesis and to the discovery of hit compounds for the treatment of bacterial infections, cancer, and SARS-CoV-2.",
                "keywords": [
                    "2019-nCoV",
                    "Antibiotics",
                    "Area",
                    "Bacterial Infections",
                    "Binding",
                    "Biological",
                    "Biology",
                    "Chemicals",
                    "Chemistry",
                    "Collaborations",
                    "Complex",
                    "Cryoelectron Microscopy",
                    "Data",
                    "Derivation procedure",
                    "Development",
                    "Evaluation",
                    "Goals",
                    "Investigation",
                    "Laboratories",
                    "Malignant Neoplasms",
                    "Membrane Proteins",
                    "Methodology",
                    "Methods",
                    "Modification",
                    "Natural Products",
                    "Property",
                    "Protein Isoforms",
                    "Research",
                    "Research Personnel",
                    "Ribosomal Proteins",
                    "Roentgen Rays",
                    "Route",
                    "Streptogramins",
                    "Structure-Activity Relationship",
                    "Therapeutic",
                    "Viral",
                    "Work",
                    "analog",
                    "anti-cancer",
                    "antimicrobial",
                    "biological systems",
                    "chemical synthesis",
                    "in vivo",
                    "innovation",
                    "lead optimization",
                    "method development",
                    "novel",
                    "prevent",
                    "resistant strain",
                    "scaffold",
                    "tool"
                ],
                "approved": true
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "12220",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1R13HL170501-01",
                "title": "Long COVID and Post Acute Sequalae of SARS CoV 2 (PASC): Pathogenesis and Treatment",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "funder_divisions": [
                    "National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)",
                    "National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)"
                ],
                "program_reference_codes": [],
                "program_officials": [
                    {
                        "id": 26895,
                        "first_name": "ERIC JITSUO",
                        "last_name": "Shiroma",
                        "orcid": null,
                        "emails": "",
                        "private_emails": "",
                        "keywords": null,
                        "approved": true,
                        "websites": null,
                        "desired_collaboration": null,
                        "comments": null,
                        "affiliations": []
                    }
                ],
                "start_date": "2023-08-15",
                "end_date": "2024-07-31",
                "award_amount": 21300,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 27075,
                    "first_name": "TERRY L.",
                    "last_name": "SHEPPARD",
                    "orcid": null,
                    "emails": "",
                    "private_emails": "",
                    "keywords": null,
                    "approved": true,
                    "websites": null,
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                    "affiliations": []
                },
                "other_investigators": [],
                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 1633,
                    "ror": "",
                    "name": "KEYSTONE SYMPOSIA",
                    "address": "",
                    "city": "",
                    "state": "CO",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "abstract": "Support is requested for a Keystone Symposia conference entitled Long COVID and Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC): Pathogenesis and Treatment, organized by Drs. Michael Holtzman, Steven Deeks, Resia Pretorius and Catherine Blish. The conference will be held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, August 27-30, 2023. Many infections, including SARS-CoV-2, cause an acute illness that eventually resolves, with or without injury to host tissues. However, in some people, the acute infection triggers a chronic disease that is systemic, persistent (months to years) and, for some, profoundly disabling. Moreover, the proportion of those who have recovered from acute infection but then begin to develop chronic symptoms (aka, Long COVID), or some other major complication such heart disease, stroke, or diabetes mellitus (collectively referred to as the Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, or PASC) is about 50% of this population, depending on how PASC is defined. Therefore, this Keystone Symposia conference aims to understand the progression from acute illness to chronic disease as well as address Long COVID and PASC, for the first time, with mechanism-based therapeutic strategies. The conference is designed to be multidisciplinary in nature and will have representation from distinct scientific, technological, and clinical perspectives with geographical, academic, and commercial sector diversity. It is anticipated that this broad set of perspectives will help to foster interactions leading to synergistic solutions to an unprecedented health care problem.",
                "keywords": [
                    "2019-nCoV",
                    "Acute",
                    "Address",
                    "Animal Model",
                    "Area",
                    "Basic Science",
                    "COVID-19",
                    "COVID-19 patient",
                    "Cell model",
                    "Cells",
                    "Chronic Disease",
                    "Clinical",
                    "Clinical Research",
                    "Collaborations",
                    "Commercial Sectors",
                    "Communities",
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                    "Coupled",
                    "Development",
                    "Diabetes Mellitus",
                    "Diagnosis",
                    "Disease",
                    "Educational workshop",
                    "Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network",
                    "Environment",
                    "Experimental Models",
                    "Fostering",
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                    "Generations",
                    "Geography",
                    "Goals",
                    "Health",
                    "Healthcare",
                    "Heart Diseases",
                    "Human",
                    "Industrialization",
                    "Industry Collaboration",
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                    "Injury",
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                    "Molecular",
                    "Nature",
                    "New Mexico",
                    "Outcome",
                    "Pathogenesis",
                    "Pathway interactions",
                    "Patients",
                    "Persons",
                    "Population",
                    "Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection",
                    "Productivity",
                    "Reagent",
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                    "Research Personnel",
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                    "Technology",
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                    "career development",
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                    "persistent symptom",
                    "posters",
                    "programs",
                    "research and development",
                    "sound",
                    "symposium"
                ],
                "approved": true
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "12221",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1R13AI179138-01",
                "title": "T and B Cell Collaboration in Germinal Centers and Beyond",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "funder_divisions": [
                    "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)"
                ],
                "program_reference_codes": [],
                "program_officials": [
                    {
                        "id": 23719,
                        "first_name": "Susan F.",
                        "last_name": "Cooper",
                        "orcid": null,
                        "emails": "",
                        "private_emails": "",
                        "keywords": null,
                        "approved": true,
                        "websites": null,
                        "desired_collaboration": null,
                        "comments": null,
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                    }
                ],
                "start_date": "2023-08-01",
                "end_date": "2024-07-31",
                "award_amount": 5500,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 27075,
                    "first_name": "TERRY L.",
                    "last_name": "SHEPPARD",
                    "orcid": null,
                    "emails": "",
                    "private_emails": "",
                    "keywords": null,
                    "approved": true,
                    "websites": null,
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                    "affiliations": []
                },
                "other_investigators": [],
                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 1633,
                    "ror": "",
                    "name": "KEYSTONE SYMPOSIA",
                    "address": "",
                    "city": "",
                    "state": "CO",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "abstract": "Support is requested for a Keystone Symposia conference entitled T and B Cell Collaboration in Germinal Centers and Beyond, organized by Drs. Shane Crotty, Michela Locci and Jennifer Gommerman. The conference will be held in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada from October 1-4, 2023. T cell/B cell interactions are fundamental for numerous immune responses. And, as the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated, the successful development of COVID-19 vaccines highlighted the extreme value of T and B cell interactions for protective immunity. For example, the development of antibodies able to neutralize variants as diverse as Omicron, after not one or two but after three other mRNA immunizations, with the same ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Spike, is a dramatic example of the importance of germinal centers in protective immunity, and the brilliance of the immune system in rapidly evolving T-dependent B cell responses capable of neutralizing extreme viral variants the cells never previously encountered in the germinal centers. However, there remains much to be learned about the critical importance of T cell/B cell interactions and germinal centers for vaccines and infectious diseases. Furthermore, the relevance of these immunological interactions is much broader in biomedicine. T cell/B cell interactions are important in many autoimmune diseases. Moreover, this conference will be held jointly with the Keystone Symposium on B Cells and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Emerging Targets in Cancer Therapeutics and there will be joint sessions covering T cell/B cell interactions in cancer.",
                "keywords": [
                    "2019-nCoV",
                    "Address",
                    "Antibodies",
                    "Area",
                    "Autoimmune Diseases",
                    "B-Lymphocytes",
                    "British Columbia",
                    "COVID-19 pandemic",
                    "COVID-19 vaccine",
                    "Canada",
                    "Cell Communication",
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                    "Communicable Diseases",
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                    "Immunity",
                    "Immunologic Memory",
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                    "Joints",
                    "Knowledge",
                    "Learning",
                    "Malignant Neoplasms",
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                    "Outcome",
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                    "Structure of germinal center of lymph node",
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                    "response",
                    "symposium",
                    "tertiary lymphoid organ"
                ],
                "approved": true
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "12222",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1R13AI179172-01",
                "title": "RNA Modifications in Health and Disease",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "funder_divisions": [
                    "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)"
                ],
                "program_reference_codes": [],
                "program_officials": [
                    {
                        "id": 23719,
                        "first_name": "Susan F.",
                        "last_name": "Cooper",
                        "orcid": null,
                        "emails": "",
                        "private_emails": "",
                        "keywords": null,
                        "approved": true,
                        "websites": null,
                        "desired_collaboration": null,
                        "comments": null,
                        "affiliations": []
                    }
                ],
                "start_date": "2023-08-01",
                "end_date": "2024-07-31",
                "award_amount": 7500,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 27075,
                    "first_name": "TERRY L.",
                    "last_name": "SHEPPARD",
                    "orcid": null,
                    "emails": "",
                    "private_emails": "",
                    "keywords": null,
                    "approved": true,
                    "websites": null,
                    "desired_collaboration": null,
                    "comments": null,
                    "affiliations": []
                },
                "other_investigators": [],
                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 1633,
                    "ror": "",
                    "name": "KEYSTONE SYMPOSIA",
                    "address": "",
                    "city": "",
                    "state": "CO",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "abstract": "Support is requested for a Keystone Symposia conference entitled RNA Modifications in Health and Disease, organized by Drs. Eric Miska, Ramesh S. Pillai and Eva Maria Novoa Pardo. The conference will be held in Banff, Canada from December 12-15, 2023. Chemical modifications of RNA nucleotides, collectively referred to as the epitranscriptome, represent an additional layer of information encoded in transcribed RNA sequences. By analogy to epigenetic mechanisms, RNA modifications are reversibly added by ‘writer’ and ‘eraser’ enzymes and these ‘marks’ are interpreted by ‘reader’ proteins. Characterization of the structural diversity of RNA modifications and elucidation of their roles in biological pathways represent central motivations of this emerging field, which has been supported by new technology development and mechanistic analysis by scientists interested in RNA biology. Basic discoveries in epitranscriptomics are being translated toward the clinic at an accelerating rate. Our understanding of the function and regulation of RNA modifications, as well as their roles in human infection, immunity and disease is deepening in parallel with the advancement of RNA-based medicines, such as mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines or antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). This conference will bring together leading experts focused on RNA modifications, technology development and medicine to discuss cutting edge research, evaluate data standards in the field and identify opportunities for the translational potential of targeting RNA modification pathways. We anticipate that participants of this conference will benefit by sharing results on this rapidly advancing topic, but also in defining the future direction of the field and creating new collaborations to accelerate progress.",
                "keywords": [
                    "Acceleration",
                    "Antisense Oligonucleotides",
                    "Area",
                    "Automobile Driving",
                    "Biological",
                    "Biological Process",
                    "Biology",
                    "COVID-19 vaccine",
                    "Canada",
                    "Chemicals",
                    "Clinic",
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                    "Data",
                    "Development",
                    "Disease",
                    "Disease model",
                    "Educational workshop",
                    "Environment",
                    "Enzymes",
                    "Epigenetic Process",
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                    "Friends",
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                    "Genetic Transcription",
                    "Health",
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                    "Immunity",
                    "Industrialization",
                    "Infection",
                    "Joints",
                    "Knowledge",
                    "Learning",
                    "Literature",
                    "Medicine",
                    "Messenger RNA",
                    "Methodology",
                    "Modification",
                    "Motivation",
                    "Natural Immunity",
                    "Nucleotides",
                    "Outcome",
                    "Participant",
                    "Pathway interactions",
                    "Pharmaceutical Preparations",
                    "Postdoctoral Fellow",
                    "Proteins",
                    "RNA",
                    "RNA Sequences",
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                    "Research",
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                    "Scientist",
                    "Site",
                    "Structure",
                    "Technology",
                    "Therapeutic Intervention",
                    "Translating",
                    "Translational Research",
                    "Viral Cancer",
                    "Virus Diseases",
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                    "benefit sharing",
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                    "data standards",
                    "doctoral student",
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                    "epitranscriptomics",
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                    "technology development",
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                    "translational potential"
                ],
                "approved": true
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "12223",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1R13AG084266-01",
                "title": "Immunity and Aging",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "funder_divisions": [
                    "National Institute on Aging (NIA)"
                ],
                "program_reference_codes": [],
                "program_officials": [
                    {
                        "id": 23647,
                        "first_name": "MULUALEM ENYEW",
                        "last_name": "Tilahun",
                        "orcid": null,
                        "emails": "",
                        "private_emails": "",
                        "keywords": null,
                        "approved": true,
                        "websites": null,
                        "desired_collaboration": null,
                        "comments": null,
                        "affiliations": []
                    }
                ],
                "start_date": "2023-08-15",
                "end_date": "2024-07-31",
                "award_amount": 19230,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 27075,
                    "first_name": "TERRY L.",
                    "last_name": "SHEPPARD",
                    "orcid": null,
                    "emails": "",
                    "private_emails": "",
                    "keywords": null,
                    "approved": true,
                    "websites": null,
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                    "affiliations": []
                },
                "other_investigators": [],
                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 1633,
                    "ror": "",
                    "name": "KEYSTONE SYMPOSIA",
                    "address": "",
                    "city": "",
                    "state": "CO",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "abstract": "Support is requested for a Keystone Symposia conference entitled Immunity and Aging, organized by Drs. Danica Chen, Sun Hur and Joan Mannick. The conference will be held in Whistler, Canada from October 1-4, 2023. Aging is the single largest risk factor for a wide spectrum of chronic diseases and mortality. An outstanding question in human biology is how we lose the ability to maintain homeostasis and become susceptible to diseases and mortality. However, as groundbreaking research has emerged over the past decade, there is evidence that the decline in function of aging organ systems is caused by a discreet number of biological mechanisms. For instance, recent single cell sequencing studies suggest that one mechanism contributing to dysfunction of the aging immune system is a widespread basal activation of immune cells across tissues. Additionally, dysfunction of the aging immune system results in suboptimal immune responses to vaccines and infectious diseases in older adults, as has been highlighted recently by the COVID-19 pandemic. This Keystone Symposia conference will provide an international venue for researchers to discuss these timely topics, specifically, to understand how the immune system becomes dysregulated during the aging process and how the aging immune system impinges upon the tissue functions, organismal health span and survival. This program touches on questions including: (i) how aging of hematopoietic stem cells contribute to dysfunction of the aging immune system and impacts distant tissues and (ii) how age-related changes in innate and adaptive immune function compromise immunity. Other sessions will discuss the origins of aging-associated inflammation and how inflammation impacts tissue functions and contributes to aging-related conditions. The conference will bring together investigators from multiple fields—immunology, aging, metabolism, stem cell biology and neurobiology—to advance the frontier of immunity and aging.",
                "keywords": [
                    "Adaptive Immune System",
                    "Address",
                    "Aging",
                    "Area",
                    "Artificial Intelligence",
                    "Basic Science",
                    "Big Data",
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                ],
                "approved": true
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "12224",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1R01AI173059-01",
                "title": "A versatile structure-based therapeutic platform for development of VHH-based antitoxin and antiviral agents",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "funder_divisions": [
                    "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)"
                ],
                "program_reference_codes": [],
                "program_officials": [
                    {
                        "id": 6115,
                        "first_name": "DIPANWITA",
                        "last_name": "Basu",
                        "orcid": null,
                        "emails": "",
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                        "keywords": null,
                        "approved": true,
                        "websites": null,
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                    }
                ],
                "start_date": "2023-08-04",
                "end_date": "2027-07-31",
                "award_amount": 865682,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 28092,
                    "first_name": "Rongsheng",
                    "last_name": "Jin",
                    "orcid": null,
                    "emails": "",
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                    "keywords": null,
                    "approved": true,
                    "websites": null,
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                },
                "other_investigators": [
                    {
                        "id": 28093,
                        "first_name": "Charles Bix",
                        "last_name": "Shoemaker",
                        "orcid": null,
                        "emails": "",
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                        "keywords": null,
                        "approved": true,
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                    }
                ],
                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 863,
                    "ror": "",
                    "name": "TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON",
                    "address": "",
                    "city": "",
                    "state": "MA",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "abstract": "In previous NIH sponsored research we successfully tested the hypothesis that integrating structural and mechanistic information into heteromultimeric VHH-based neutralizing agent (VNA) design facilitated development of antitoxins with even greater efficacy and versatility. In this renewal proposal, we will apply these findings to test the hypothesis that our designer VNA platform, which is rapidly responsive to new threats, will permit development of highly practical, next-generation antitoxin and antiviral products that possess excellent potencies in treating intoxications or viral infections and are effective against a broad range of natural pathogen variants. Our research will focus on two pathogens that are major current threats which could benefit from next- generation therapeutics: botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and SARS-CoV-2. We propose two Specific Aims which will be underway simultaneously throughout the five years of research. In Aim 1, we will develop a small pool of antitoxin VNAs that protect against all subtypes of the three prevalent BoNT serotypes (A, B and E). BoNTs are CDC Tier 1 select agents. However, the few available antitoxin treatments against BoNTs primarily derive from large animal polyclonal antisera, such as the equine botulism antitoxin HBAT, which suffer from multiple manufacturing and storage challenges. Our goal is to test the platform’s ability to produce highly practical VNAs as a next-generation BoNT antitoxin product, likely delivered as RNA nanoparticles, which improves on the potencies and natural variant specificities of the current HBAT antitoxin product and is rapidly responsive to potential new BoNT threats. In Aim 2 we will develop a single VNA antiviral agent that protects against known variants of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is the viral cause of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A promising strategy for rapid development of a therapy is development of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, especially antibodies targeting the spike protein, for prophylactic or passive immunotherapies. However, novel variants of SARS-CoV-2, which cause enhanced infection and transmission, have emerged, and more dangerous variants are expected to evolve. Of immediate concern are variants that partially escape neutralization by current Ab-based therapies and in vaccinated or previously-infected COVID-19 patients, leading to reduced vaccine efficacy in certain areas with a high prevalence of these variants. We propose an mRNA- based antiviral product that, once administered, elicits expression of a VNA with extremely high virus neutralizing potency. The VNA will contain multiple covalently linked VHHs binding to conserved epitopes of the spike protein. This approach will test the platform’s ability to develop a product that minimizes the risks of immune escape through evolution and selection of clinical strains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1. If successful, this technology platform could have broad applications in creating practical therapeutics for a wide variety of emerging and potential pandemic viral infections, bioterror threat agents, and other infectious diseases.",
                "keywords": [
                    "2019-nCoV",
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                    "Animal Model",
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                    "Antibody Therapy",
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                ],
                "approved": true
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "12225",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1R43HL165734-01A1",
                "title": "New mechanism-based TREM-1 therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "funder_divisions": [
                    "National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)"
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                    {
                        "id": 22454,
                        "first_name": "GUOFEI",
                        "last_name": "Zhou",
                        "orcid": null,
                        "emails": "",
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                        "approved": true,
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                    }
                ],
                "start_date": "2023-08-01",
                "end_date": "2024-04-30",
                "award_amount": 272741,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 28094,
                    "first_name": "Alexander B",
                    "last_name": "Sigalov",
                    "orcid": null,
                    "emails": "",
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                    "keywords": null,
                    "approved": true,
                    "websites": null,
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                },
                "other_investigators": [],
                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 2077,
                    "ror": "",
                    "name": "SIGNABLOK, INC.",
                    "address": "",
                    "city": "",
                    "state": "MA",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "abstract": "Every year, 150,000 Americans are affected by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), an inflammatory lung condition that may complicate severe pneumonia (including influenza and COVID-19), trauma, sepsis, cancer, and many other conditions. The mortality of ARDS is 27%, 32%, and 45% for mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively. The survival rate for COVID-19 patients with ARDS is about 25%. There is no proven drug treatment for ARDS per se. This highlights an urgent need for effective treatment of ARDS. The long-term goal of this project is to develop an effective and well-tolerable ARDS therapy aimed to reduce the mortality rate and improve outcomes in ARDS patients.  Amplified, rapid acute inflammatory response in the lungs in ARDS is associated with cytokine storm. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells1 (TREM-1), inflammation amplifier, is upregulated in ARDS and COVID-19. In animals, TREM-1 blockade reduces cytokine storm and protects against lung injury. The hypothesis of this study supported by recent animal data is that TREM-1 blockade ameliorates ARDS. Current TREM-1 inhibitors all attempt to block binding of TREM-1 to its still uncertain ligand(s). To minimize risk of failure in clinical development, we developed a first-in-class ligand-independent well- tolerated TREM-1 inhibitory peptide GF9 that can be formulated into SignaBlok's long half-life macrophage- specific lipopeptide complexes (LPC) to improve its half-life and targeting to the inflammation areas.  Earlier, we showed that GF9 sequence either as a free peptide or as a part of LPC-bound trifunctional peptide GA31 (GA31-LPC) suppresses inflammatory cytokine release, protects against septic shock and reverses lung fibrosis in mice. This study aims to test if it suppresses cytokine storm and alleviates ARDS in an animal model. Considering the pros and cons of GF9 and GA31-LPC, we suggest to test both leads.  Specific aims of this project are to: 1) generate and characterize in vitro GF9 and GA31-LPC injectables, and 2) test GF9 and GA31-LPC comparatively in an animal model of ARDS. We will synthesize and characterize GF9 and GA31-LPC for their stability, rate and efficiency of macrophage uptake in vitro as well as for their inhibitory effect on cytokine release by LPS-stimulated cells. We will test two doses of the formulations in ARDS animals. Ligand-dependent TREM-1 inhibitor LR12 will be studied comparatively. We will analyze lung inflammation and lung damage. Comprehensive Histo/IHC studies will be performed.  It is anticipated that that this Phase I study will identify a novel, first-in-class, well-tolerable agent as a powerful platform for development of safe and effective therapy capable of treating ARDS. Its anticipated safety is supported by good tolerability of SignaBlok's GF9 therapy in animals and by safety of TREM-1- blocking approach in healthy, septic and COVID-19 subjects. If successful, Phase I will be followed in Phase II by toxicology, ADME, pharmacology and CMC studies, filing an IND and evaluation in humans.",
                "keywords": [
                    "Acute",
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                ],
                "approved": true
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "12226",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1R44AI179348-01",
                "title": "Opaganib as a Medical Countermeasure for Gastrointestinal Acute Radiation Syndrome",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "funder_divisions": [
                    "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)"
                ],
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                    {
                        "id": 28095,
                        "first_name": "Merriline M.",
                        "last_name": "Vedamony",
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                ],
                "start_date": "2023-08-01",
                "end_date": "2025-07-31",
                "award_amount": 852174,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 28096,
                    "first_name": "Charles D",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "orcid": null,
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                    "approved": true,
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                },
                "other_investigators": [],
                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 2078,
                    "ror": "",
                    "name": "APOGEE BIOTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION",
                    "address": "",
                    "city": "",
                    "state": "PA",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "abstract": "The Radiation Countermeasures Program of the NIAID is seeking medical countermeasures (MCMs) to prevent acute tissue damage and chronic pathologies resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation from an accidental or terroristic event. Radiation induces inflammatory cytokines that promote tissue damage including Gastrointestinal Acute Radiation Syndrome (GI-ARS). Because there are no approved drugs to prevent GI-ARS, there is an intense need for new drugs for therapy following exposure to radiation. Sphingolipids, particularly ceramides and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), regulate GI epithelial cell survival, the DNA damage response, and responses to inflammatory cytokines. Synthesis of S1P is dependent on sphingosine kinase (SK1 and SK2) activity, and so SKs are rational new molecular targets to mitigate GI-ARS. Apogee has developed the first-in- class Investigational New Drug opaganib (previously called ABC294640). Opaganib is the only clinical-stage inhibitor of SK2 and has broad anticancer and anti-inflammatory efficacy in preclinical models. Phase 1 clinical trials of orally-administered opaganib to patients with advanced solid tumors or multiple myeloma are complete, and Phase 2 clinical trials of opaganib in patients with prostate cancer or cholangiocarcinoma are in progress. Additionally, opaganib improved clinical outcome for highly compromised patients with severe Covid-19. To date, opaganib has been administered to >470 patients with a favorable safety profile.  Because GI-ARS is mediated by epithelial cell apoptosis and excessive inflammation, processes regulated by sphingolipids, we hypothesized that opaganib will decrease GI damage from radiation exposure leading to mitigation of GI-ARS and improved survival. In Proof-of-Concept studies supported by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and the Department of Defense, we demonstrated that oral opaganib provides highly significant protection against mortality from GI-ARS in mice following irradiation in a 5% bone marrow-shielded model. Opaganib increased survival when administered either prior to radiation or 24 hr after radiation exposure and was efficacious at levels that have been demonstrate safe in human trials.  In a pre-IND meeting, the FDA encouraged the continue development of opaganib as an MCM for GI-ARS under the Animal Rule for regulatory approval. Specific requirements for approval were identified, and are addressed in the following Specific Aims for this Phase 2 SBIR project: 1. Definition of the biochemical mechanism(s) for protection against radiation-induced cell death and inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells; 2. Definition of the effect of radiation exposure on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of orally-administered opaganib; and 3. Identification of assessable pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers for opaganib for future pivotal animal studies and human clinical trials. The studies proposed herein follow FDA guidance for approval under the Animal Rule and will enable continued advancement of opaganib as an MCM for GI-ARS.",
                "keywords": [
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                "award_id": "1RF1MH134638-01",
                "title": "International evaluation of modifiable social determinants of health on COVID-related mental health outcomes",
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                        "first_name": "JORDAN W",
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                "abstract": "A substantial body of research suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to a rising incidence of mental health issues, irrespective of prior history of psychiatric diagnosis. One important driver of this phenomenon appears to be social isolation and loneliness induced by governmental policy responses such as social distancing recommendations, stay-at-home orders, and restrictions on travel. However, results thus far have been mixed across cohorts and geographic regions, and the social and individual factors underlying these differences remain poorly understood. Moreover, existing efforts have largely focused on high-income countries (HIC), which may not generalize to understudied low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), regions most impacted by the pandemic and where 85% of the world population lives. A key opportunity for mitigating future mental health impacts and increasing representation of marginalized groups in COVID-19 mental health research is to leverage individual-level longitudinal data harmonized across existing cohorts to develop a well-powered, large, global evaluation of pandemic-related mental health outcomes.  Our proposal capitalizes on existing large international cohorts, establishing a COVID Global Mental Health Consortium (CGMHC) to increase our understanding of the modifiable social and individual risk factors predicting poor mental health in response to the pandemic, and to build an infrastructure to answer broader questions about the local and global determinants of COVID-19 related psychiatric outcomes, ultimately informing public policy, intervention, and prevention strategies. To accomplish this, we will integrate: (1) data from 23 international cohorts comprising mental health, sociodemographic, and social determinants of health (SDoH) from nearly 2.8 million individuals with pre- and post-pandemic assessments; (2) a novel target trial emulation framework to facilitate causal inference about the impact of specific pandemic policy strategies on mental health outcomes; and (3) recent advances in time-series modeling and novel risk prediction methods to understand the heterogeneity of mental health outcomes in response to social restrictions across a diverse range of countries.  Our specific aims are to: (1) assemble longitudinal data across global cohorts, harmonizing data for downstream analyses and develop a data visualization platform for the scientific community; (2) characterize pandemic mental health trajectories along with their moderators and evaluate the evidence for a causal impact of social containment policies on psychiatric outcomes. (3) establish and formalize the CGMHC for continued research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global mental health and SDoH. Successful completion of these aims would provide a unique large-scale global cohort resource for the investigation of COVID-related mental health outcomes, inform intervention and policy strategies to mitigate future adverse impacts, and create an ongoing engine (the CGMHC) for collaborative research that can be sustained through future funding.",
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