Grant List
Represents Grant table in the DB
GET /v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1392&sort=-program_reference_codes
{ "links": { "first": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1&sort=-program_reference_codes", "last": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1405&sort=-program_reference_codes", "next": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1393&sort=-program_reference_codes", "prev": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1391&sort=-program_reference_codes" }, "data": [ { "type": "Grant", "id": "11646", "attributes": { "award_id": "5T34GM145505-02", "title": "U-RISE at PVAMU", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 27540, "first_name": "MARIE DEBORAHGAYNELLE", "last_name": "Harton", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-04-01", "end_date": "2027-03-31", "award_amount": 291506, "principal_investigator": { "id": 27547, "first_name": "E GLORIA CLAUDETTE", "last_name": "REGISFORD", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1640, "ror": "", "name": "PRAIRIE VIEW AGRI & MECH UNIVERSITY", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "TX", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "URISE at PVAMU PI/PD: Regisford The increasing need for a well-trained STEM workforce, made more poignant during this COVID-19 pandemic, also requires a diverse population to meet the future needs and challenges in the biomedical sciences. An Undergraduate Research Training Initiative for Student Enhancement (U-RISE) program will reach a large racial and ethnic underrepresented (UR) population with disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds and first-generation college students at Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU), a historically black university. Moreover, PVAMU's promotion of undergraduate engagement in research, and its established collaborations with surrounding research- intensive universities, provide a robust learning environment that will strongly support a U-RISE program. Although student enrollment in biomedical science disciplines such as Biology and Chemistry are relatively high, less than 10% declare an interest in graduate school; a conundrum that may be due to lack of exposure and preparation for the rigors of graduate school. Therefore, the overarching goal of this proposed U-RISE program is to enhance student participation and preparation in the biomedical sciences for matriculation into highly competitive PhD programs and ultimately, a biomedical science research career. This goal will be accomplished by the following specific objectives: (1) Provide an enriched interdisciplinary research culture that exposes all U-RISE trainees to hands-on research for three consecutive years; (2) Enhance the academic curriculum that fosters advancement of 80% of U-RISE at PVAMU trainees to a biomedical science graduate program and (3) Create a nurturing learning community by engaging U-RISE at PVAMU trainees in a multidimensional mentoring program, that will lead to improved retention (90% of U-RISE trainees) and graduation rate (90% of U-RISE trainees). Program elements will include professional skills development of all U- RISE trainees to enhance their competitiveness. We have built a multidisciplinary team of faculty, research professors/scientists, and external collaborators to create a nurturing and stimulating culture that will evoke evidence-based student support and motivation practices. Each year, four sophomores will be selected to join the U-RISE at PVAMU program. Selection of U-RISE trainees will be based on the following criteria: the students' academic record, member of a racial and ethnic UR population, a declared major in a biomedical science discipline, and a desire to attend graduate school in the biomedical sciences. The expected outcomes are (1) an increase in the number of students who become engaged in biomedical science research; (2) an extensive academic preparation of U-RISE at PVAMU trainees for matriculation into a competitive graduate program within one year after graduation; and (3) the creation of a replicable, transportable, evidence-based model that promotes preparation of undergraduates from UR populations for biomedical science research careers. Ultimately, the U-RISE at PVAMU program will contribute to increased diversity in the biomedical sciences workforce.", "keywords": [ "Biology", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Chemistry", "Collaborations", "Dimensions", "Discipline", "Doctor of Philosophy", "Educational Curriculum", "Elements", "Enrollment", "Ethnic Origin", "Faculty", "First Generation College Students", "Fostering", "Future", "Goals", "Graduation Rates", "Historically Black Colleges and Universities", "Interdisciplinary Study", "Mentors", "Modeling", "Motivation", "Outcome", "Population Heterogeneity", "Preparation", "Race", "Research", "Research Training", "STEM career", "Science", "Scientist", "Students", "Training", "Underrepresented Populations", "Universities", "academic preparation", "career", "community engagement", "educational atmosphere", "evidence base", "graduate school", "hands on research", "improved", "interest", "learning community", "matriculation", "member", "multidisciplinary", "professor", "programs", "skill acquisition", "socioeconomic disadvantage", "student participation", "undergraduate research", "undergraduate student" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11647", "attributes": { "award_id": "5F31AT011988-02", "title": "Exploring the Potential of Natural Products to Combat COVID-19", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 26174, "first_name": "Patrick Colby", "last_name": "Still", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-04-01", "end_date": "2024-12-31", "award_amount": 47694, "principal_investigator": { "id": 26175, "first_name": "Caitlin Jaime", "last_name": "Risener", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 265, "ror": "https://ror.org/03czfpz43", "name": "Emory University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "GA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "As of August 2021, the coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected more than 200 million people across the globe, causing more than 600,000 deaths in the USA and 4.2 million worldwide. Though vaccines have become available, vaccinated individuals can still spread the disease to unvaccinated and vulnerable populations. As vaccination rates in the United States remain low, emerging variants that may evade the vaccine are a new risk. Identifying novel preventative agents from traditional medicine could lead to the development of a readily available, cost-effective, and safe dietary intervention against COVID-19. During the pandemic, individuals have turned to herbal supplements to prevent COVID-19. There are published in silico studies and a few in vitro studies on these extracts, but the science to support natural products’ (NPs) use to prevent viral infection is still incomplete. The Quave Natural Product Library (QNPL) is a collection of over 2,000 botanical and fungal extracts, including the 40 most used natural supplements in the USA. Viral entry, in which SARS-CoV-2 attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell surface receptor found on endothelial cells, pneumocytes (type 1 and 2), and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells, presents an attractive option for preventatives. I have screened 2,000 extracts from the QNPL against SARS-CoV- 2 pseudotyped virus system to test which extracts inhibit viral entry. Mammalian cell cytotoxicity assays measuring Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) formation were run in parallel to ensure inhibition was not due to cell death. This proposal employs a multi-faceted approach to identify agents with direct-acting antiviral properties using a one-of-a-kind natural product library. Three extracts with potent bioactivity as direct-acting antiviral agents without apparent toxicity were selected after screening the QNPL. Bioassay guided fraction coupled to LC- MS/MS molecular networking analysis will be used for the identification of compounds with direct-acting antiviral activity. Compounds will be further isolated using preparative HPLC and structurally elucidated by NMR and X- crystallography to determine the absolute structure of the viral inhibitor. The fractions and isolated compounds will be tested across emerging variants in relevant cell lines and in live virus to further understand activity. Additionally, I will undertake mechanism of action studies utilizing biolayer interferometry and ELISA assays. These studies will result in the identification of NPs with the potential to block SARS-CoV-2 viral entry in relevant human cells, enhancing understanding of the preventative value of plant NPs for COVID-19 and other viruses. This will enable formulation of a bioactive dietary supplement, prioritization of leads for a medicinal chemistry campaign, and identification of tool compounds to query these pathways.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "A549", "ACE2", "Antiviral Agents", "Binding", "Biological Assay", "Biological Sciences", "Botanicals", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 prevention", "COVID-19 treatment", "Cell Death", "Cell Line", "Cell Surface Receptors", "Cell model", "Cells", "Cessation of life", "Chemicals", "China", "Chromatography", "Ciliated Bronchial Epithelial Cell", "Collaborations", "Collection", "Communicable Diseases", "Contracts", "Coupled", "Crystallography", "Data", "Development", "Diet", "Dietary Intervention", "Disease", "Dose", "Edible Plants", "Endothelial Cells", "Ensure", "Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay", "Epithelial Cells", "Ethnobotany", "Exhibits", "Formulation", "Fractionation", "Goals", "Health Care Costs", "Health Professional", "Herbal supplement", "High Pressure Liquid Chromatography", "Human", "Immune response", "In Vitro", "Indigenous", "Individual", "Infection", "Inflammatory", "Interferometry", "Lactate Dehydrogenase", "Lentivirus", "Libraries", "Luciferases", "Lung", "Mammalian Cell", "Measures", "Medicinal Plants", "Medicine", "Modeling", "Molecular", "Natural Compound", "Natural Products", "Natural Supplement", "Pathway interactions", "Persons", "Pharmaceutical Chemistry", "Pharmacognosy", "Plants", "Plaque Assay", "Population", "Process", "Property", "Province", "Publishing", "Recording of previous events", "Reporter", "Research", "Resistance", "Resolution", "Resources", "Risk", "Running", "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor", "SARS-CoV-2 spike protein", "SARS-CoV-2 variant", "Safety", "Science", "Serial Passage", "Severity of illness", "Standardization", "Structure", "Surface", "System", "Techniques", "Testing", "Therapeutic", "Toxic effect", "Traditional Medicine", "United States", "Vaccinated", "Vaccination", "Vaccinee", "Vaccines", "Variant", "Viral", "Viral Physiology", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "Virus Inhibitors", "Vulnerable Populations", "X-Ray Crystallography", "clinically relevant", "combat", "coronavirus disease", "cost effective", "cytotoxicity", "dietary", "dietary supplements", "efficacy validation", "high throughput screening", "in silico", "insight", "novel", "pandemic disease", "pneumocyte", "prevent", "receptor", "receptor binding", "repository", "screening", "secondary metabolite", "symptom treatment", "tool", "unvaccinated", "vaccine access", "vaccine hesitancy", "viral entry inhibitor" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11648", "attributes": { "award_id": "5U01MD017867-02", "title": "Statistical adjustments of sample representation in community-level estimates of COVID-19 transmission and immunity", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6029, "first_name": "JARRETT AINSWORTH", "last_name": "Johnson", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-04-01", "end_date": "2025-12-31", "award_amount": 562066, "principal_investigator": { "id": 7436, "first_name": "Yajuan", "last_name": "Si", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 770, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 770, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, government policy and healthcare implementation responses have been guided by reported positivity rates and vaccination rates in the community. The selection bias of these test data questions their validity as measures of the actual viral incidence in the community and as predictors of clinical burden. Publicly available vaccination data are frequently cited as a proxy for population immunity, but this metric ignores the effects of naturally-acquired immunity. The health disparities concerning asymptomatic and symptomatic patients are not yet studied. The proposal develops a valid metric to estimate the true viral incidence and naturally/vaccine-acquired immunity prevalence in the community, examine the health disparities and social inequality, and monitor the epidemic over time as an operational surveillance system. The approach collects routine testing data on SARS-CoV-2 exposure and antibody seropositivity among patients in a hospital system and performs statistical adjustments of sample representation using multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP), which adjusts for measured differences between the sample and population and also yields stable small area estimates. The data collection and analysis procedure can provide information to entire communities with generalizability and focus on burdens within specific demographics, with close attention to vulnerable populations on disparities across health outcomes, social determinants, and behaviors. In particular, the research will yield group-specific estimates of disparities with respect to asymptomatic and symptomatic patients and how these discrepancies may impact the socio-demographically dependent spread of disease and its subsequent treatment. The MRP adjustment will be made publicly accessible via a web interface and promote broad investigations with integrated data sources toward a national study.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "American", "Antibodies", "Area", "Attention", "Behavior", "Black race", "COVID testing", "COVID-19 pandemic", "COVID-19 patient", "Calibration", "Communities", "Community Hospitals", "Community Surveys", "Data", "Data Analyses", "Data Collection", "Data Set", "Data Sources", "Disease", "Electronic Health Record", "Epidemic", "Ethnic Origin", "Foundations", "Future", "Geography", "Government", "Guidelines", "Health", "Health behavior and outcomes", "Healthcare", "Hospitals", "Immunity", "Incidence", "Indiana", "Individual", "Inequality", "Intervention", "Investigation", "Knowledge", "Link", "Locales", "Measures", "Methodology", "Methods", "Monitor", "Outcome", "Pathway interactions", "Patients", "Phase", "Policies", "Policy Maker", "Population", "Prevalence", "Procedures", "Proxy", "Public Health", "Race", "Reporting", "Reproducibility", "Research", "Rural", "SARS-CoV-2 exposure", "SARS-CoV-2 immunity", "SARS-CoV-2 transmission", "Sampling", "Selection Bias", "Sensitivity and Specificity", "Seroprevalences", "Statistical Data Interpretation", "Statistical Methods", "Stratification", "Subgroup", "System", "Testing", "Time", "Vaccination", "Vaccines", "Variant", "Viral", "Virus Diseases", "Vulnerable Populations", "Work", "acquired immunity", "clinical predictors", "comorbidity", "coronavirus disease", "data harmonization", "data integration", "demographics", "future epidemic", "health care service utilization", "health disparity", "member", "pandemic disease", "predictive modeling", "response", "rural setting", "screening", "seropositive", "sex", "social", "social determinants", "social inequality", "sociodemographics", "socioeconomics", "suburb", "trend", "vaccine access", "viral transmission", "web based interface", "web interface" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11649", "attributes": { "award_id": "5R01AI163142-02", "title": "A multipronged investigation of SARS-CoV-2 genome packaging", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 26420, "first_name": "MARY KATHERINE", "last_name": "Bradford", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-04-16", "end_date": "2027-03-31", "award_amount": 625894, "principal_investigator": { "id": 7461, "first_name": "Andrea", "last_name": "Soranno", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 827, "ror": "", "name": "WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MO", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 827, "ror": "", "name": "WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MO", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, represents an acute and ongoing threat to human life. A detailed molecular understanding of the viral life cycle is necessary to illuminate clinically accessible processes that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. The Nucleocapsid (N) protein is a 420-residue multidomain protein with both folded and disordered regions that underlies genome packaging, an essential step in the virion lifecycle. N protein mediates cytosolic genome packaging by binding to and compacting genomic RNA in a process apparently conserved across the coronaviridae family. Our ability to disrupt genome packaging is limited by the absence of a molecular understanding of these processes. To address this knowledge gap, our proposal is focused on the molecular biophysics that underlies how N protein drives genome compaction. N protein is highly multivalent; it can simultaneously bind to both itself and RNA via a number of distinct interaction sites. Multivalency is encoded across both folded domains and intrinsically disordered regions. While there has been substantial work on the folded domains in other coronaviruses, the molecular biophysics of the disordered regions has been largely ignored. We hypothesize N protein multivalency underlies the molecular basis of RNA compaction, and that the three disordered regions play key roles in determining multivalency, binding affinity, and RNA binding specificity. Through the combination of single-molecule fluorescence and force spectroscopy, ensemble methods, and all-atom simulation, we will dissect the molecular details that underlie these interactions. We also present a novel approach to small-molecule screening that leverages the formation of phase separated protein:RNA liquid droplets as a readout for genome compaction. Our work will offer high-resolution structural insight into the physical basis for two critical steps in the viral life cycle, as well as reveal small molecules that can attenuate genome compaction. More generally, by focusing on fundamental biophysical phenomena that empirically explain behavior from other distant coronaviruses, we believe that our conclusions will be broadly transferable to existing coronaviruses that represent major public health threats (e.g., SARS, MERS) but also to future novel zoonotic coronaviruses.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Acute", "Address", "Affinity", "Antiviral Agents", "Attenuated", "Behavior", "Binding", "Biological Assay", "Biophysics", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Cells", "Clinical", "Coronavirus", "Coupled", "Data", "Development", "Diameter", "Disease", "Dissection", "Distant", "Encapsulated", "Family", "Fluorescence", "Fluorescence Spectroscopy", "Future", "Genome", "Goals", "Human", "In Vitro", "Investigation", "Knowledge", "Lead", "Length", "Life", "Life Cycle Stages", "Liquid substance", "Measurement", "Measures", "Mediating", "Methods", "Microscope", "Microscopy", "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome", "Molecular", "N Domain", "Nucleic Acids", "Nucleocapsid", "Phase", "Physical condensation", "Play", "Process", "Proteins", "Public Health", "Publishing", "RNA", "RNA Binding", "RNA Viruses", "RNA-Binding Proteins", "RNA-Protein Interaction", "Resolution", "Role", "SARS-CoV-2 genome", "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome", "Site", "Specificity", "Spectrum Analysis", "Tertiary Protein Structure", "Testing", "Therapeutic", "Therapeutic Intervention", "Vaccines", "Viral", "Viral Genome", "Viral Packaging", "Virion", "Virus", "Virus Replication", "Work", "betacoronavirus", "coronavirus therapeutics", "design", "experimental study", "genomic RNA", "high throughput screening", "insight", "novel", "novel strategies", "optic trap", "optical traps", "pandemic coronavirus", "prevent", "screening", "simulation", "single molecule", "small molecule", "targeted treatment", "zoonotic coronavirus" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11650", "attributes": { "award_id": "5R01HS028397-02", "title": "Evaluating the Impact of Telemedicine on Ambulatory Care", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 22656, "first_name": "Chunliu", "last_name": "Zhan", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-04-08", "end_date": "2027-01-31", "award_amount": 353406, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23795, "first_name": "Chandy Skaria", "last_name": "Ellimoottil", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 770, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 23796, "first_name": "Michael Patrick", "last_name": "Thompson", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 770, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: During the first six months of 2020, 10 million Medicare beneficiaries used telemedicine services compared to only 134,000 during the first six months of 2019. Telemedicine policy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed a major transformation of ambulatory care delivery that is sustained—currently 1 out of 5 ambulatory care visits are performed through telemedicine. While state and federal agencies have long positioned telemedicine as a means to improve health, post-pandemic telemedicine policymaking is hindered due to the scarcity of evidence on the broad scale impact of telemedicine on healthcare access, quality and costs. For instance, it is challenging to enact permanent telemedicine policies that facilitate the equitable use of telemedicine without an understanding of patient, provider and market barriers that impede its use. Furthermore, while widespread telemedicine use has the potential to improve clinical outcomes such as preventable hospital admission rates, there is a lack of empirical data on this topic. Finally, while essential for policymaking, the broad scale impact of telemedicine use on Medicare spending and utilization has not been previously studied. The dramatic increase in telemedicine use as a result of healthcare policies enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic provides an unprecedented opportunity to address these long-standing knowledge gaps. OVERALL STRATEGY: In this study, we propose using a contemporary, national cohort of Medicare beneficiaries supplemented with detailed provider and market-level data to investigate factors associated with telemedicine use, and the impact of telemedicine on ambulatory care outcomes and healthcare spending. RESEARCH AIMS: 1) To identify patient, provider and market-level determinants of telemedicine use. We will explore heterogeneity in telemedicine use across specific populations of interest, including beneficiaries that are rurally located, elderly, racial/ethnic minorities, or socioeconomically disadvantaged. 2) To evaluate the association between practice-level telemedicine use and hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. 3) To evaluate the impact of clinician-level telemedicine use on 30-day total per capita costs. IMPACT: Findings from this study will directly inform major areas of uncertainty and provide key evidence to inform telemedicine policymaking.", "keywords": [], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11651", "attributes": { "award_id": "5R01DK132469-02", "title": "Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of thermogenic adipocyte program", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 23797, "first_name": "CAROL R", "last_name": "HAFT", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-04-06", "end_date": "2027-03-31", "award_amount": 623366, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23798, "first_name": "Yu-Hua", "last_name": "Tseng", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 1642, "ror": "https://ror.org/0280a3n32", "name": "Joslin Diabetes Center", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1642, "ror": "https://ror.org/0280a3n32", "name": "Joslin Diabetes Center", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Obesity and its metabolic sequelae are rapidly increasing in the United States and worldwide, leading to high morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancer. Under the current pandemic, obesity has been recognized as a key risk factor for severe COVID-19. Central to these pathologies is adipose tissue. There are functionally distinct types of adipose tissue. White adipose tissue is the primary site of the triglyceride storehouse. In contrast, thermogenic fat, which consists of classical brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducible beige/brite adipocytes, concentrates on thermogenic energy expenditure. It has been recently reported that people with BAT have a significantly lower prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases, highlighting the metabolic benefits and therapeutic potential of BAT in humans. To make the therapeutics possible, improved knowledge of the regulation of thermogenic adipocytes is urgently needed. The thermogenic function of brown and beige adipocytes are coordinately regulated by specific transcriptional and epigenetic regulators. While transcription of the thermogenic gene uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation has been broadly studied, little is known about how histone positioning and chromatin folding influences the expression of Ucp1 and other thermogenic genes. Using an unbiased CRISPR-based screen, we identified the histone variant H2A.Z and the LIM domaining-containing zinc-finger protein Crip2 as trans-acting factors recruited to the Ucp1 promoter/enhancer region by beta3-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Importantly, deletion of H2A.Z or Crip2 in mature brown adipocytes not only impeded Ucp1 transcription, but also reduced the expression of multiple thermogenic genes and led to impaired cellular thermogenesis. This proposal will determine the signaling events mediating the activation of Crip2 and H2A.Z deposition and the impact of Crip2 or H2A.Z deficiency in the cellular thermogenesis and bioenergetic profiles of thermogenic adipocytes murine and human origins. Since histone variants play an important role in determining chromatin remodeling, we will examine how Crip2-H2A.Z interaction influences chromatin architecture, thereby regulating thermogenic transcription and cellular respiration. To establish the physiological significance of Crip2 and H2A.Z in metabolic regulation, we will generate brown fat-specific Crip2 or H2A.Z knockout mice and thoroughly characterize their metabolic phenotypes. Completing the proposed studies will increase fundamental knowledge on the role of chromatin remodeling in the regulation of thermogenic program and pave ways to establish new therapeutic approaches for combating metabolic diseases.", "keywords": [ "3-Dimensional", "ATAC-seq", "ATP Synthesis Pathway", "Ablation", "Achievement", "Adipocytes", "Adipose tissue", "Adrenergic Agents", "Adrenergic Receptor", "Affect", "Architecture", "Area", "Binding", "Bioenergetics", "Bioinformatics", "Biology", "Brown Fat", "CRISPR screen", "CRISPR/Cas technology", "Cardiometabolic Disease", "Cardiovascular Diseases", "Cell Aging", "Cell Nucleus", "Cell Respiration", "Cells", "ChIP-seq", "Chromatin", "Chromatin Loop", "Complex", "Cyclic AMP", "Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases", "Data", "Deposition", "Distal", "Elements", "Energy Metabolism", "Enhancers", "Epigenetic Process", "Event", "Fatty acid glycerol esters", "Gene Expression", "Genes", "Genetic Transcription", "Genome Mappings", "Genomics", "Histones", "Human", "Impairment", "Knockout Mice", "Knowledge", "LIM Domain", "Low Prevalence", "MAP Kinase Gene", "Malignant Neoplasms", "Maps", "Mediating", "Metabolic", "Metabolic Diseases", "Metabolism", "Modeling", "Molecular", "Morbidity - disease rate", "Mus", "Nature", "Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus", "Nuclear Translocation", "Obesity", "Oxidative Phosphorylation", "Pathology", "Persons", "Phosphorylation", "Phosphorylation Site", "Physiological", "Physiological Processes", "Play", "Positioning Attribute", "Post-Translational Protein Processing", "Process", "Promoter Regions", "Proteins", "RNA", "RNA Polymerase II", "Receptor Signaling", "Regulation", "Reporting", "Resolution", "Risk Factors", "Rodent", "Role", "Scheme", "Signal Induction", "Signal Pathway", "Signal Transduction", "Site", "Site-Directed Mutagenesis", "Structure of beta Cell of islet", "System", "Techniques", "Testing", "Therapeutic", "Thermogenesis", "Trans-Activators", "Transcriptional Regulation", "Triglycerides", "United States", "Variant", "Zinc Fingers", "cell type", "chromatin remodeling", "comparative", "computerized tools", "current pandemic", "epigenetic regulation", "genome-wide", "genomic data", "improved", "in vivo", "islet", "mRNA Expression", "metabolic phenotype", "mortality", "novel", "novel therapeutic intervention", "overexpression", "p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase", "phosphoproteomics", "prevent", "programs", "promoter", "protein expression", "recruit", "response", "senescence", "severe COVID-19", "therapeutic target", "transcription factor", "transcriptome sequencing", "uncoupling protein 1" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11652", "attributes": { "award_id": "5R01AI164686-02", "title": "COVID Transmission and Morbidity in Malawi (COVID-TMM)", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6588, "first_name": "MICHAEL JOHN", "last_name": "Cooper", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-04-01", "end_date": "2027-03-31", "award_amount": 618911, "principal_investigator": { "id": 7683, "first_name": "James", "last_name": "Beeson", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 860, "ror": "", "name": "BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 7685, "first_name": "Patricia L", "last_name": "Hibberd", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 7687, "first_name": "Don P", "last_name": "Mathanga", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 7688, "first_name": "Clarissa", "last_name": "Valim", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 860, "ror": "", "name": "BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 transmission was expected to have a devastating impact in sub-Saharan African countries. Instead, morbidity and mortality rates in nearly the whole region are an order of magnitude lower than in Europe and the Americas. To identify what is different requires a better understanding of the underlying immunological substrate of the population, and how these factors affect susceptibility to infection, progression of symptoms, transmission, and responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. These populations are assaulted by many infectious diseases, including malaria. Exposure to these pathogens can produce long-lasting changes in the innate immune system, which may confer decreased susceptibility to heterologous infections. By generating rapid responses to the virus, the innate immune system can decrease the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of progression from infection to disease. On the other hand, malaria infections and helminthiasis can impair the acquisition and longevity of antibody (Ab)- induced immunity through several mechanisms, including tolerogenic innate immune responses. In addition to malaria, other co-morbidities, e.g., anemia and chronic undernutrition, are likely to affect Ab-mediated immunity. We hypothesize that malaria and helminthiasis affect morbidity of SARS-CoV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa. Compared to Western populations, both uninfected and infected-but-asymptomatic subjects will have enhanced innate immune phenotypes. Most infections will be asymptomatic. Once infected, though, malaria, infections with intestinal parasites, anemia, and mild undernutrition will decrease the acquisition and longevity of Ab responses, increasing the risk of re-infection. These comorbidities will also reduce longevity of Ab responses elicited by the Astrazeneca vaccine. To test these hypotheses, we will enroll 200 symptomatic individuals (index cases), their household contacts, and 300 vaccinees. We will assess the specific innate immune phenotypes that differentiate uninfected Malawians from Western controls and whether those responses are protecting Malawians from infection and/or progression of disease. We will follow infected participants and vaccinees for 1.5 years to assess acquisition and longevity of Ab responses and memory B cells. The work will be supported by a platform established on the basis of long-term collaborations with the Ministry of Health and the University of Malawi. As global vaccination campaigns launch, data to optimize vaccination in sub-Saharan countries are urgently needed. Identifying groups at high risk of infection and disease and understanding the susceptibility of the local population will help to define optimal vaccination policies to control transmission. Identifying “hypo- responders” and those whose Ab responses wane more quickly will help to optimize vaccination regimen. In summary, data generated by this study will improve our general understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis and will allow regional vaccination programs to be designed for maximum effectiveness.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Acute", "Adult", "Affect", "Africa South of the Sahara", "African", "Age Distribution", "American", "Americas", "Anemia", "Antibodies", "Antibody Response", "Antibody-mediated protection", "Antiviral Response", "B-Lymphocytes", "COVID-19 mortality", "COVID-19 susceptibility", "COVID-19 vaccination", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Cells", "Childhood", "Chronic", "Collaborations", "Communicable Diseases", "Country", "Data", "Disease", "Disease Progression", "Effectiveness", "Enrollment", "Epidemiology", "Europe", "Exhibits", "Exposure to", "Frequencies", "Health", "Helminthiasis", "High Prevalence", "Household", "Immune", "Immunity", "Immunization Programs", "Immunologics", "Impairment", "Individual", "Infection", "Inflammatory", "Innate Immune Response", "Innate Immune System", "Interferon Type I", "Intestinal parasite", "Longevity", "Malaria", "Malawi", "Malnutrition", "Memory B-Lymphocyte", "Morbidity - disease rate", "Natural Immunity", "Parasitic infection", "Participant", "Pathogenesis", "Phenotype", "Policies", "Population", "Predisposition", "Regimen", "Risk", "SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2", "SARS-CoV-2 immunity", "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "SARS-CoV-2 transmission", "Social Behavior", "Symptoms", "Testing", "Time", "Training", "Universities", "Vaccination", "Vaccinee", "Vaccines", "Viral", "Viremia", "Virus", "Work", "adaptive immune response", "assault", "booster vaccine", "chemokine", "comorbidity", "coronavirus disease", "cost effective", "cytokine", "design", "high risk", "immune activation", "improved", "indexing", "infection risk", "macrophage", "malaria infection", "monocyte", "mortality", "pandemic disease", "pathogen", "post SARS-CoV-2 infection", "programs", "respiratory virus", "response", "seroconversion", "serosurvey", "transmission process", "vaccination outcome", "vaccine hesitancy" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11653", "attributes": { "award_id": "5R21AI169098-02", "title": "High-Throughput, Rapid, and Epitope-Specific Quantification of Neutralizing Antibodies Using Digital Nanoparticle Sensors", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 26918, "first_name": "Michelle Marie", "last_name": "Arnold", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-04-20", "end_date": "2024-03-31", "award_amount": 189242, "principal_investigator": { "id": 7710, "first_name": "Chao", "last_name": "Wang", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 912, "ror": "", "name": "ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "AZ", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 912, "ror": "", "name": "ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "AZ", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "As of mid June 2021, the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has infected ~180 million people and causing ~3.8 million deaths globally. There are more than 34 million confirmed cases and ~620,000 deaths in the U.S alone. The fast transmission, asymptotic infection in some individuals, currently still limited supplies of vaccines in many countries, and constant virus mutation have made COVID-19 an unprecedented global threat to human health and economics. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) recognize SARS- CoV-2’s spike protein and block cellular entry, acting as the first responders in the immune system towards pathogen clearance. Evaluating the effectiveness of nAbs against viral pathogens is important in understanding the level and duration of sterilizing immunity after natural infection or following vaccination, particularly given the rise of novel variants with vaccine escape potential. However, many of the available neutralizing assays used to assess nAb function involve propagation of viruses and thus require such assays be conducted in a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) lab settings, which, unfortunately, is unavailable to many researchers or clinicians. In addition, clinical laboratory-based antibody tests measure the total Ab level responding to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, without functionally evaluating pathogen-bound Abs and therefore cannot predict neutralizing activity. To bridge these technological gaps, we propose a multidisciplinary research plan to address the fundamental challenges in low- cost, high-throughput, fast, simple, and quantitative assay format in studying COVID-19 immune response. The investigators at ASU with complementary expertise in nanosensor design, antibody characterization, and coronaviruses will collaboratively develop a new and high-reward research strategy to establish a metal nanoparticle (MNP)-based nAb assay platform. This platform presents a few key features distinguishing it from previous technologies. First, the MNP assays are quantitative and accurate, with an expected dynamic range of 3 to 4 logs and a detection limit in the picomolar range. Further, this assay can be implemented in a rapid detection format without any washing steps, thus significantly simplifying its operation, reducing assay time to a few minutes, and making it feasible for mass-testing. Importantly, the assay is capable of detecting virus variants by targeted binding to the epitopes on the spike protein that are sensitive to mutations. Additionally, the readout can be performed in a well plate compatible with high-throughput screening with added portable electronic components, making the system automated in both detection and data analysis. We envision the employment of this rapid and quantitative nAb assay will also help timely determine the potential best uses of convalescent plasma and antibody treatment with future emerging novel viruses. Its low cost, simple operation, and automation capability are also very useful in longitudinal studies of the immune response related to COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and potential viral escape due to mutations. The nAb sensing can also be used for large-population sero-surveillance in determining the level of population-based immunity (herd immunity) against any virus strains.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "ACE2", "Address", "Affinity", "Antibodies", "Antibody Therapy", "Automation", "Binding", "Biological Assay", "Biotinylation", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 patient", "Cells", "Centrifugation", "Cessation of life", "Clinical", "Color", "Coronavirus", "Country", "Data", "Data Analyses", "Detection", "Development", "Disease", "Ebola virus", "Economics", "Electronics", "Employment", "Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay", "Epitopes", "Extinction", "Future", "Gold", "Health", "Herd Immunity", "Human", "Immune response", "Immune system", "Immunity", "Immunization", "Individual", "Infection", "Interdisciplinary Study", "Laboratories", "Longitudinal Studies", "Measurement", "Measures", "Metals", "Monoclonal Antibodies", "Mutation", "Neutralizing antibody assay", "Optics", "Patients", "Peptides", "Persons", "Plasma", "Population", "Precipitation", "Process", "Proteins", "Public Health", "RNA vaccine", "Rapid diagnostics", "Recombinants", "Reporting", "Research", "Research Personnel", "SARS coronavirus", "SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2", "SARS-CoV-2 antibody", "SARS-CoV-2 antigen", "SARS-CoV-2 immune response", "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "SARS-CoV-2 spike protein", "SARS-CoV-2 variant", "Sampling", "Serum", "Silver", "Streptavidin", "Suspensions", "System", "Technology", "Testing", "Time", "Vaccination", "Vaccines", "Validation", "Variant", "Vendor", "Viral", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "antibody detection", "antibody test", "convalescent plasma", "coronavirus disease", "cost", "cross reactivity", "design", "detection limit", "diagnostic platform", "digital", "effectiveness evaluation", "efficacy study", "emerging pathogen", "first responder", "high reward", "high throughput screening", "human coronavirus", "light emission", "nanoparticle", "nanorod", "nanosensors", "neutralizing antibody", "novel", "novel coronavirus", "novel virus", "operation", "particle", "pathogen", "pathogenic virus", "population based", "portability", "rapid detection", "receptor binding", "scale up", "sensor", "serosurveillance", "skills", "transmission process", "vaccine candidate", "vaccine efficacy", "variants of concern", "viral detection" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11654", "attributes": { "award_id": "5R21AI159244-02", "title": "Autoimmune responses associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 7788, "first_name": "Annette L.", "last_name": "Rothermel", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-04-19", "end_date": "2024-03-31", "award_amount": 198750, "principal_investigator": { "id": 7789, "first_name": "Sarah E.", "last_name": "Wheeler", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 848, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "PA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 848, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "PA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Current research focuses on three important aspects of COVID-19 pandemic – therapy, vaccine and diagnostics. Directing UPMC's Clinical Immune Diagnostic Laboratory, we understand the urgent need to initiate clinical research that will allow us to assess and analyze potential deferred health outcomes in a population of recovered COVID-19 patients. Although a robust immune response is associated with clinical recovery of most SARS-CoV- 2 infected patients, when a protective immune response is impaired or delayed, virus will propagate, and massive destruction of the affected tissues will occur. Extensive tissue damage and release of autoantigens, especially if associated with disproportionate systemic inflammation and cytokine storm, has been shown to dysregulate peripheral immune tolerance and facilitate initiation of autoimmune pathways. Our working hypothesis that COVID-19 recovered individuals are under increased risk of developing antibodies to self-antigen(s) is a high- risk hypothesis with important clinical implications that will lay the groundwork for future mechanistic studies. To test our hypothesis, we propose to: Determine if increased autoantibodies are associated with prior SARS-CoV- 2 infection by measuring prevalence of autoantibodies in patients with a history of COVID-19 infection. If our hypothesis is confirmed, our data will provide the first evidence for the need to follow COVID-19 recovered patients for the appearance of autoimmune antibodies and increased risk of systemic and tissue-specific autoimmune diseases.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "Affect", "Age Years", "Antibodies", "Antibody Response", "Antigens", "Aplastic Anemia", "Appearance", "Attention", "Autoantibodies", "Autoantigens", "Autoimmune", "Autoimmune Diseases", "Autoimmune Responses", "Autoimmunity", "Biological Assay", "Biological Markers", "CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes", "CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "COVID-19 patient", "Cell Death", "Cells", "Child", "Clinical", "Clinical Research", "Computerized Medical Record", "Cost Savings", "Data", "Detection", "Development", "Diabetes Mellitus", "Diagnosis", "Diagnostic", "Disease", "Drug usage", "Epitope spreading", "Epstein-Barr Virus Infections", "FDA approved", "Future", "Gender", "Generations", "Guillain Barré Syndrome", "Health", "Health Care Costs", "Health Resources", "Human Herpesvirus 4", "Immune", "Immune Tolerance", "Immune response", "Immune system", "Immunodiagnostics", "Impairment", "Individual", "Infection", "Insurance Carriers", "Laboratories", "Lead", "Measures", "Mediating", "Molecular Mimicry", "Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome", "Multiple Sclerosis", "Nuclear Antigens", "Outcome", "Pathology", "Pathway interactions", "Patients", "Pattern", "Peripheral", "Population", "Predisposition", "Prevalence", "Prevention", "Process", "Public Health", "Quality of life", "Recording of previous events", "Recovery", "Research", "Rheumatoid Arthritis", "Risk", "Role", "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "SARS-CoV-2 infection history", "Sampling", "Self Tolerance", "Serum", "Syndrome", "Systemic Lupus Erythematosus", "Systemic Scleroderma", "Testing", "Tissues", "Vaccines", "Viral", "Viral Antigens", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "Vitiligo", "Work", "age group", "autoimmune rheumatologic disease", "clinical care", "cohort", "cytokine release syndrome", "diagnostic assay", "early detection biomarkers", "follow-up", "health care service utilization", "high risk", "immune activation", "improved", "long term consequences of COVID-19", "post SARS-CoV-2 infection", "pre-clinical", "prevent", "response", "sample collection", "severe COVID-19", "side effect", "standard of care", "systemic autoimmune disease", "systemic inflammatory response" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11655", "attributes": { "award_id": "5R01DA056232-02", "title": "Applying Critical Race Theory to investigate the impact of COVID-19-related policy changes on racial/ethnic disparities in medication treatment for opioid use disorder", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 21283, "first_name": "JULIA BETH", "last_name": "Zur", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-04-01", "end_date": "2027-01-31", "award_amount": 632073, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23802, "first_name": "Jessica Ann", "last_name": "Chen", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 159, "ror": "https://ror.org/00cvxb145", "name": "University of Washington", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "WA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 23803, "first_name": "Emily Caterina", "last_name": "Williams", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 159, "ror": "https://ror.org/00cvxb145", "name": "University of Washington", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "WA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a common and often fatal chronic condition that can be effectively treated with medications (MOUD). Agonists (methadone, buprenorphine) are first-line treatments that reduce overdose risk. Black and Hispanic/Latinx patients are less likely to receive buprenorphine than non-Hispanic White patients. This raises equity concerns, as buprenorphine may be safer, easier to access and less stigmatizing than methadone for many patients. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in increased flexibility in the provision of MOUD, including telemedicine initiations for buprenorphine. These policies may reduce existing disparities by lowering care barriers but could exacerbate disparities if they are not equally beneficial across groups. COVID-19-related policy changes present an unprecedented opportunity to examine impacts of a structural intervention—relaxed MOUD restrictions—on disparities generated by structural racism and discrimination (SRD). Guided by Public Health Critical Race praxis, which posits that racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare access are produced by SRD, this project will use mixed methods to evaluate how disparities in MOUD access may have changed in response to COVID-19-related policies in the Veterans Health Administration (VA), the nation's largest provider of substance use care, and how SRD contributes. Unequal access to buprenorphine is a significant problem nationally—studies estimate that Black patients with OUD are 50-60% less likely to access buprenorphine compared to White patients with similar disparities observed among Hispanic/Latinx patients. The proposed research can guide national and health-system-specific policy decisions regarding the continuation of relaxed MOUD prescribing guidelines post- COVID-19 and where to target resources to address SRD and its sequelae. Lessons learned from this historical event can influence future MOUD policy and practice, and it is essential that the impact on disparities and mechanisms underlying disparities be understood to optimize policy changes with regard to equity. This study aims to: 1) examine how changes in receipt of MOUD and retention following COVID-19 MOUD policies differ between Black and Hispanic/Latinx compared to non-Hispanic White patients with OUD; 2) examine how community-level sequelae of structural racism influence pre/post COVID-19 changes in MOUD receipt for Black and Hispanic/Latinx patients with OUD; and 3) qualitatively examine experiences of OUD care and perceptions of implementation of COVID-19-related policies among a sample of Black and Hispanic/Latinx patients with OUD. Aims 1-2 are observational cohort studies using national VA electronic health record (EHR) data for Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and non-Hispanic White patients with OUD. Aim 3 uses a qualitative study design involving semi-structured phone interviews with Black and Hispanic/Latinx VA patients with OUD. A stratified random sample will be balanced on gender and MOUD receipt pre/post COVID-19. Findings will be disseminated through national channels to inform future MOUD policies and interventions to improve equity.", "keywords": [ "Address", "Agonist", "Black race", "Buprenorphine", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 impact", "Caring", "Chronic", "Cohort Studies", "Communities", "Critical Race Theory", "Data", "Diagnosis", "Discrimination", "Dose", "Electronic Health Record", "Event", "Future", "Gender", "Guidelines", "Health system", "Healthcare Systems", "Hispanic", "Home", "Imprisonment", "Integrated Health Care Systems", "Interruption", "Intervention", "Interview", "Latinx", "Learning", "Legal", "Life", "Methadone", "Methods", "Minority Groups", "Naltrexone", "National Institute of Drug Abuse", "Not Hispanic or Latino", "Opioid", "Opioid agonist", "Outcome", "Overdose", "Overdose reduction", "Pain management", "Patients", "Pattern", "Perception", "Persons", "Pharmaceutical Preparations", "Police", "Policies", "Provider", "Public Health", "Qualitative Methods", "Race", "Regulation", "Relaxation", "Research", "Research Design", "Resources", "Sampling", "Series", "Shapes", "Stigmatization", "Structural Racism", "Structure", "System", "Technology", "Telemedicine", "Telephone", "Time", "Veterans Health Administration", "Violence", "black patient", "buprenorphine treatment", "clinical practice", "cohort", "community-level factor", "design", "disparity reduction", "equilibration disorder", "ethnic disparity", "ethnic health disparity", "experience", "federal policy", "flexibility", "health care availability", "health care disparity", "improved", "lens", "medication for opioid use disorder", "novel coronavirus", "opioid epidemic", "opioid overdose", "opioid use disorder", "overdose risk", "pandemic disease", "post-COVID-19", "racial disparity", "racial population", "residential segregation", "resilience", "response", "stem", "substance use", "telehealth", "therapy development" ], "approved": true } } ], "meta": { "pagination": { "page": 1392, "pages": 1405, "count": 14046 } } }