Grant List
Represents Grant table in the DB
GET /v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1391&sort=-title
{ "links": { "first": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1&sort=-title", "last": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1424&sort=-title", "next": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1392&sort=-title", "prev": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1390&sort=-title" }, "data": [ { "type": "Grant", "id": "10530", "attributes": { "award_id": "1C06OD032035-01A1", "title": "A New Biomedical Research Vivarium at a Hispanic-Serving Institution on the US-Mexico Border", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "NIH Office of the Director" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 23882, "first_name": "CHARLES ASHLEY", "last_name": "Barnes", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-09-19", "end_date": "2027-05-31", "award_amount": 7084640, "principal_investigator": { "id": 26540, "first_name": "Luis A", "last_name": "Cifuentes", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1173, "ror": "", "name": "NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY LAS CRUCES", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "NM", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Animal-based biomedical research is a critical contributor to human health and economic well-being in the United States. The importance of animal-based biomedical research has never been more apparent than during the current COVID19 pandemic. Work with animal models has been essential for understanding disease progression, improving patient care, designing and testing vaccines and uncovering the origins of this deadly disease. The current pandemic has also unmasked the grave health disparities that exist in our nation. The disproportionate impact of COVID19 on African-American, Hispanic and Native American populations has highlighted a fundamental gap in our knowledge of how minority populations differ from majority populations in susceptibility, symptomology, and response to treatments for diseases. This knowledge gap extends beyond COVID 19 to encompass virtually all health and behavioral issues. One important solution for addressing this gap is to increase the scope of research, and research training, in communities with larger minority populations. New Mexico State University (NMSU) is a Hispanic-serving Institution of Emerging Excellence located on the southern border of the United States, an area of high racial, cultural and economic diversity. This project would fund construction of new wild animal vivarium, aviary and insectary at NMSU that would enhance biomedical research and training for these diverse populations. This new building would house both wild animal disease models such as rodents, bats and birds and invertebrate disease vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and bedbugs. The building will also include behavioral observation and procedural rooms, analytical and physiology testing labs, a microscopy room and support space. This new building will adjoin and complement a new lab animal vivarium already under construction with state bond funding that includes housing for lab animal models, behavioral and procedure rooms, diagnostic and analytical labs, a large surgery suite and support space. The combined complex, called the Biomedical Research Facility, will replace and greatly expand upon the existing aging campus vivarium, and will bring together in one facility work on invertebrate models that is currently spread across campus. The Biomedical Research Facility will support NMSU’s biomedical research strengths in emerging infectious diseases, aging, cancer and health disparities in underserved populations, enhance training of students from underrepresented populations, and promote research addressing the health of border communities and minority populations in New Mexico and the region.", "keywords": [ "Address", "African American", "Aging", "Animal Disease Models", "Animal Model", "Animals", "Area", "Bedbugs", "Behavioral", "Biomedical Research", "Birds", "Border Community", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 impact", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Chiroptera", "Communities", "Complement", "Complex", "Culicidae", "Diagnostic", "Disease", "Disease Progression", "Disease Vectors", "Economics", "Emerging Communicable Diseases", "Funding", "Health", "Hispanic Americans", "Hispanic-serving Institution", "Housing", "Human", "Invertebrates", "Knowledge", "Mexico", "Microscopy", "Minority Groups", "Modeling", "Native Americans", "New Mexico", "Operative Surgical Procedures", "Patient Care", "Personal Satisfaction", "Physiology", "Population", "Population Heterogeneity", "Predisposition", "Procedures", "Research", "Research Training", "Rodent", "Testing", "Ticks", "Underrepresented Populations", "Underserved Population", "United States", "Universities", "Wild Animals", "Work", "base", "behavior observation", "cancer health disparity", "design", "health disparity", "health economics", "improved", "pandemic disease", "research facility", "student training", "treatment response", "vaccine evaluation", "virtual" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11473", "attributes": { "award_id": "7R21CA267955-02", "title": "A New Approach to Modulating CAR T Cell Activity", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Cancer Institute (NCI)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 27524, "first_name": "MARCO", "last_name": "Cardone", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-09-23", "end_date": "2024-05-31", "award_amount": 186104, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23874, "first_name": "Ulrike", "last_name": "Lorenz", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 908, "ror": "https://ror.org/0153tk833", "name": "University of Virginia", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "VA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 827, "ror": "", "name": "WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MO", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting CD19 are highly effective in children with refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), including those with primary refractory or CNS disease. Current CAR T cell therapies infuse patients with T cells constitutively expressing CARs, which are not susceptible to any controllable regulation. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and CAR-associated neurotoxicity (CAN), both of which can be fatal, arise from uncontrolled CAR T cell activation and expansion. While a few pharmacological management approaches have been attempted to overcome this issue, they are often suboptimal. In addition, chronic B-cell aplasia from persistent CD19 CAR T cells requires monthly infusions of immunoglobulin, which is burdensome and expensive, especially for pediatric patients facing potentially a lifetime need. Here, we propose to develop a system for controllable CAR T cells that can be turned on and off as needed. We have previously demonstrated that exogenous expression of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 acts as a negative regulator to dampen T cell activation. Recently, we have developed an inducible and reversible protein degradation system for SHP-1 by adapting the plant Auxin-induced degron (AID) system for T cells. Combining these two tools in Aim 1, we propose to develop CD19 CAR T cells that will be kept basally dormant through overexpression of SHP-1. However, upon administration of Auxin, the CAR T cells can be temporarily and reversibly activated through the degradation of SHP-1. As the doses of Auxin sufficient to activate the AID system had no significant toxicities in humans, we do not foresee a problem translating this system into the clinic. In Aim 2, we will examine the efficacy of this novel CAR T cell system in a murine model of ALL. In Aim 3, we will expand the studies to test whether this regulatable CAR T cells system can control and/or limit CAR T cell-associated toxicities using a muring model of ALL, CRS and neurotoxicity. Such an exogenously regulatable CAR T cell system may provide clinicians a tool to avoid/limit severe CRS and CAN, and allow repopulation of the B-cell compartment after a sufficient treatment course. This approach will greatly enhance the safety of CD19 CAR T cells and is likely applicable to CARs for other malignancies, including solid tumors, where on-target, off-tissue cytotoxicity is more problematic.", "keywords": [ "Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia", "Admission activity", "Adolescent", "Adult", "Auxins", "B lymphoid malignancy", "B-Lymphocytes", "B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell", "Beauty", "Brain Edema", "CAR T cell therapy", "CD19 gene", "Cell Compartmentation", "Central Nervous System Diseases", "Characteristics", "Chemotherapy and/or radiation", "Child", "Chronic", "Clinic", "Clinical", "Clinical Data", "Clinical Trials", "Confusion", "Development", "Diagnosis", "Dose", "Effector Cell", "Face", "Fever", "Future", "Goals", "Heart Rate", "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation", "High Dose Chemotherapy", "Hispanic", "Human", "Hypotension", "Immune", "Immunoglobulins", "In Vitro", "Incidence", "Infusion procedures", "Length of Stay", "Life", "Long-Term Survivors", "Malignant Neoplasms", "Medical", "Medication Management", "Medicine", "Modeling", "Morbidity - disease rate", "Mus", "Neurologic", "Neurotoxicity Syndromes", "PTPN6 gene", "Patients", "Pharmaceutical Preparations", "Plant Growth Regulators", "Plants", "Prevention", "Property", "Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase", "Proteins", "Refractory", "Refractory Disease", "Regulation", "Relapse", "Resolution", "Risk", "Safety", "Savings", "Seizures", "Signal Transduction", "Solid Neoplasm", "Specificity", "System", "T-Cell Activation", "T-Lymphocyte", "Technology", "Testing", "Tissues", "Toxic effect", "Translating", "Work", "Xenograft procedure", "attenuation", "base", "cancer diagnosis", "cancer immunotherapy", "chemotherapy", "chimeric antigen receptor", "chimeric antigen receptor T cells", "cytokine release syndrome", "cytotoxicity", "efficacy evaluation", "experience", "in vivo", "leukemia", "mortality risk", "mouse model", "neoplastic cell", "neurotoxicity", "novel", "novel strategies", "overexpression", "pediatric patients", "pre-clinical", "prevent", "protein degradation", "public health relevance", "side effect", "tool", "young adult" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "7979", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R21CA267955-01", "title": "A New Approach to Modulating CAR T Cell Activity", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Cancer Institute (NCI)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 23573, "first_name": "Katarzyna", "last_name": "Bourcier", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-06-01", "end_date": "2024-05-31", "award_amount": 226504, "principal_investigator": { "id": 23874, "first_name": "Ulrike", "last_name": "Lorenz", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 908, "ror": "https://ror.org/0153tk833", "name": "University of Virginia", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "VA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 908, "ror": "https://ror.org/0153tk833", "name": "University of Virginia", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "VA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting CD19 are highly effective in children with refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), including those with primary refractory or CNS disease. Current CAR T cell therapies infuse patients with T cells constitutively expressing CARs, which are not susceptible to any controllable regulation. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and CAR-associated neurotoxicity (CAN), both of which can be fatal, arise from uncontrolled CAR T cell activation and expansion. While a few pharmacological management approaches have been attempted to overcome this issue, they are often suboptimal. In addition, chronic B-cell aplasia from persistent CD19 CAR T cells requires monthly infusions of immunoglobulin, which is burdensome and expensive, especially for pediatric patients facing potentially a lifetime need. Here, we propose to develop a system for controllable CAR T cells that can be turned on and off as needed. We have previously demonstrated that exogenous expression of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 acts as a negative regulator to dampen T cell activation. Recently, we have developed an inducible and reversible protein degradation system for SHP-1 by adapting the plant Auxin-induced degron (AID) system for T cells. Combining these two tools in Aim 1, we propose to develop CD19 CAR T cells that will be kept basally dormant through overexpression of SHP-1. However, upon administration of Auxin, the CAR T cells can be temporarily and reversibly activated through the degradation of SHP-1. As the doses of Auxin sufficient to activate the AID system had no significant toxicities in humans, we do not foresee a problem translating this system into the clinic. In Aim 2, we will examine the efficacy of this novel CAR T cell system in a murine model of ALL. In Aim 3, we will expand the studies to test whether this regulatable CAR T cells system can control and/or limit CAR T cell-associated toxicities using a muring model of ALL, CRS and neurotoxicity. Such an exogenously regulatable CAR T cell system may provide clinicians a tool to avoid/limit severe CRS and CAN, and allow repopulation of the B-cell compartment after a sufficient treatment course. This approach will greatly enhance the safety of CD19 CAR T cells and is likely applicable to CARs for other malignancies, including solid tumors, where on-target, off-tissue cytotoxicity is more problematic.", "keywords": [ "Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia", "Admission activity", "Adolescent", "Adult", "Auxins", "B lymphoid malignancy", "B-Lymphocytes", "B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell", "Beauty", "Brain Edema", "CAR T cell therapy", "CD19 gene", "Cell Compartmentation", "Central Nervous System Diseases", "Characteristics", "Chemotherapy and/or radiation", "Child", "Chronic", "Clinic", "Clinical", "Clinical Data", "Clinical Trials", "Confusion", "Development", "Diagnosis", "Dose", "Effector Cell", "Face", "Fever", "Future", "Goals", "Heart Rate", "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation", "High Dose Chemotherapy", "Hispanics", "Human", "Hypotension", "Immune", "Immunoglobulins", "In Vitro", "Incidence", "Infusion procedures", "Length of Stay", "Life", "Long-Term Survivors", "Malignant Neoplasms", "Medical", "Medication Management", "Medicine", "Modeling", "Morbidity - disease rate", "Mus", "Neurologic", "Neurotoxicity Syndromes", "PTPN6 gene", "Patients", "Pharmaceutical Preparations", "Plant Growth Regulators", "Plants", "Prevention", "Property", "Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase", "Proteins", "Refractory", "Refractory Disease", "Regulation", "Relapse", "Resolution", "Risk", "Safety", "Savings", "Seizures", "Signal Transduction", "Solid Neoplasm", "Specificity", "System", "T-Cell Activation", "T-Lymphocyte", "Technology", "Testing", "Tissues", "Toxic effect", "Translating", "Work", "Xenograft procedure", "attenuation", "base", "cancer diagnosis", "cancer immunotherapy", "chemotherapy", "chimeric antigen receptor", "chimeric antigen receptor T cells", "cytokine release syndrome", "cytotoxicity", "efficacy evaluation", "experience", "in vivo", "leukemia", "mortality risk", "mouse model", "neoplastic cell", "neurotoxicity", "novel", "novel strategies", "overexpression", "pediatric patients", "pre-clinical", "prevent", "protein degradation", "public health relevance", "side effect", "tool", "young adult" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11778", "attributes": { "award_id": "1F31HL165733-01A1", "title": "A Neural Control Circuit for Coughing", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 27654, "first_name": "Lawrence", "last_name": "Baizer", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2023-05-08", "end_date": "2024-10-07", "award_amount": 40418, "principal_investigator": { "id": 27655, "first_name": "Noam", "last_name": "Gannot", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 770, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "PROPOSAL SUMMARY Coughing is an important respiratory function that protects the airways and the lungs. The cough reflex can be activated by inhaled particles, pathogens, irritants, or having a lung disease such as asthma or COVID- 19. The brain controls coughing by expelling air from the respiratory system to clear these accumulated secretions. Coughing often becomes excessive with severe consequences under pathological conditions, resorting people to seek medical attention. Effective anti-tussive medications are lacking due to the limited knowledge on the neural circuit controlling cough. In our lab, we recently developed a mouse model to study the neural pathways for coughing with the genetic and neurogenetic tools available in mice. We identified a sub-population of neurons within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) that express the neuropeptide gene tachykinin 1 (Tac1) that are activated during tussive challenges. Photoactivation of these neurons is sufficient in inducing coughing, while genetic ablation or chemogenetic silencing of these neurons diminishes the coughs induced by tussive agents. These results reveal the first genetically defined neurons in the brain that mediate coughing induced by tussive agents. Based on these preliminary results, we hypothesize that the NTS Tac1 neurons are the key cough control center that are activated by the tussive challenge and integrate the downstream targets in the brain to induce coughing through the SP-NK1R pathway. Two aims are proposed: (1) investigate the neural dynamics and molecular pathway underlying how NTS Tac1 neurons respond to coughing (2) identify the downstream cough circuit of the NTS Tac1 neurons. These studies will be accomplished by integrating activity recording, pharmacology, circuit tracing, and optogenetics to trace the neural dynamics, the molecular pathways, and the downstream circuits of the NTS Tac1 neurons in coughing. To understand how these neurons are modulated in pathological conditions, I will examine their real-time activation during a tussive challenge and define their molecular pathway. To identify the cough circuit, I will identify the downstream regions of NTS Tac1 neurons and conduct a functional study on these projections. The successful completion of this project will advance the knowledge of the endogenous central neural circuit and pathway underlying cough. Furthermore, it will lead to the potential identification of drug targets for manipulating cough, thereby providing new opportunities for the development of novel therapeutics and better treatments for those suffering from excessive coughing.", "keywords": [ "Ablation", "Air", "Animals", "Antitussive Agents", "Asthma", "Brain", "Brain Stem", "COVID-19", "Cavia", "Cell Nucleus", "Chronic", "Complex", "Coughing", "Defense Mechanisms", "Development", "Drug Targeting", "Dust", "Event", "Fiber", "Foundations", "Genetic", "Germ", "Goals", "Inhalation", "Irritants", "Knowledge", "Life", "Lung", "Lung diseases", "Maps", "Mediating", "Medical", "Modeling", "Molecular", "Molecular Target", "Motor Neurons", "Motor output", "Mucous body substance", "Mus", "Nerve", "Neural Pathways", "Neurons", "Neuropeptide Gene", "Pathologic", "Pathway interactions", "Patients", "Persons", "Pharmaceutical Preparations", "Pharmacology", "Pharyngeal structure", "Phase", "Photometry", "Physiological", "Placebos", "Play", "Population", "Prevalence", "Reflex action", "Resort", "Respiration", "Respiratory Disease", "Respiratory System", "Respiratory physiology", "Role", "Signal Transduction", "System", "TACR1 gene", "Tachykinin", "Testing", "Therapeutic", "Time", "antagonist", "calcium indicator", "central pattern generator", "common symptom", "design", "guinea pig model", "in vivo", "medical attention", "mind control", "mouse model", "neural", "neural circuit", "neurogenetics", "neuroregulation", "novel therapeutics", "optogenetics", "particle", "pathogen", "pharmacologic", "photoactivation", "postsynaptic", "response", "success", "tool" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "13288", "attributes": { "award_id": "2104610", "title": "A Naturalistic and Experimental Investigation of Cheating in High Schools", "funder": { "id": 3, "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62", "name": "National Science Foundation", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences (SBE)", "(SPRF-FR) SBE Postdoctoral Res" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 1351, "first_name": "Josie Welkom", "last_name": "Miranda", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-03-01", "end_date": null, "award_amount": 138000, "principal_investigator": { "id": 29363, "first_name": "Talia", "last_name": "Waltzer", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 29362, "first_name": "Gail D", "last_name": "Heyman", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 2263, "ror": "", "name": "Waltzer, Talia", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Drs. Gail Heyman and Kang Lee at The University of California, San Diego, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist investigating adolescents’ evaluations of and engagement in academic dishonesty, and the social factors that guide them. Explaining psychological mechanisms that promote integrity during adolescence, a crucial developmental period, can support efforts to foster the next generation of civic members in our society.<br/><br/>The present research takes a new theoretical approach to explaining cheating: That students are more likely to cheat in specific cases where they evaluate cheating as acceptable, and those evaluations are shaped by social messages from teachers and peers about cheating. To understand the content and consequences of these social messages on academic cheating and integrity, this project implements a multi-method investigation of adolescents’ experiences surrounding academic integrity. Specifically, the project examines: (1) What messages about academic integrity are students exposed to from their teachers and peers? (2) Do these social messages guide students’ evaluations of specific cases of cheating? and (3) Do students’ evaluations relate to their decisions about whether to cheat? Study 1 employs naturalistic classroom observations and prompted conversations about cheating to capture students’ lived experiences and identify relevant correlations. Study 2 experimentally tests these correlations by adapting the naturally-occurring messages to influence students’ evaluations and decisions about cheating in a behavioral task. This research makes important advances in the debate about judgment-action relations by shedding light on whether adolescents’ beliefs about cheating guide their actions. This project also provides an empirical foundation for future research on promoting integrity (e.g., intervention studies), and adds to our broader knowledge on adolescent identity development, social learning, and moral development.<br/><br/>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "keywords": [], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "8698", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R01HD108027-01", "title": "A Nationwide Case-Control Study of Firearm Violence Prevention Tactics and Policies in K-12 Schools", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "NIH Office of the Director" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 12475, "first_name": "Valerie", "last_name": "Maholmes", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2021-09-17", "end_date": "2024-08-31", "award_amount": 1961579, "principal_investigator": { "id": 24479, "first_name": "CHARLES C.", "last_name": "BRANAS", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 781, "ror": "", "name": "COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "NY", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 24480, "first_name": "Sonali", "last_name": "Rajan", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 781, "ror": "", "name": "COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "NY", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Firearm violence in K-12 schools is a persistent public health threat in the US. The negative impact of these tragedies on children and school staff is significant. School-wide efforts (e.g. metal detectors, active shooter drills, armed school personnel, and two dozen others) to improve safety and assuage fears are being widely implemented in public K-12 schools across the US. Yet, the effectiveness of most of these strategies at deterring school shootings has never been scientifically tested. Moreover, school districts may differentially use these strategies based on factors unrelated to school safety, including as a means to discipline students. These extraordinary gaps in evidence are particularly significant, as the U.S. K-12 public school system currently serves an estimated 51 million children. The proposed research team has conducted substantial pilot and preliminary research demonstrating the feasibility of the larger study proposed here. Its broad objective is to conduct the first nationwide study of specific school safety tactics and policies and their potential impact on school shootings and student disciplinary actions across K-12 public schools in the U.S. Given this, three specific aims will be completed: (1) to determine if the total number and specific types of safety tactics and policies are associated with the occurrence of intentional shootings in K-12 public schools; (2) to determine if the total number and specific types of safety tactics and policies are associated with suspension and expulsions in K-12 public schools; and (3) to identify if urban/non-urban, economic, and racial disparities prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic exist in effect modification analyses of the relationships between implementation of safety tactics and policies, suspensions and expulsions, and intentional shootings in K-12 public schools. This will be accomplished through a nationally representative, population-based, case- control study comparing hundreds of case schools that have experienced a school shooting and randomly selected control schools that have not experienced such an event using epidemiological incidence density sampling over a nine-year period (n = 658). Case data will be ascertained primarily via the FEMA-funded Naval Postgraduate School K–12 School Shooting database. Additional databases that record and publicly report school shooting incidents will be linked and harmonized. One control school will be randomly selected from a national database of public K–12 schools at the National Center for Education Statistics and matched to each case school based on state, urban/nonurban, and elementary/middle/high school status. Publicly accessible school safety plans and multiple publicly available secondary sources of data will be used to determine the safety strategies in place at both case and control schools during the school year before each case school’s shooting event. These data will be linked to data on school suspensions and expulsions, obtained from the national Civil Rights Data Collection website. Results will newly inform school policies and practices to reduce gun violence and promote healthy experiences for all children across disparate K-12 school communities.", "keywords": [ "Academy", "Accounting", "Adolescent", "Aquilegia", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Case-Control Studies", "Child", "Cities", "Civil Rights", "Clinical", "Communities", "Data", "Data Collection", "Databases", "Discipline", "Education", "Effectiveness", "Epidemiology", "Ethics", "Event", "Exposure to", "Family", "Fright", "Funding", "Future", "Graph", "Grouping", "Guns", "Human Resources", "Incidence", "Knowledge", "Laws", "Link", "Logistic Regressions", "Metals", "Methods", "Modeling", "Modification", "Nature", "Neighborhoods", "Policies", "Population Study", "Procedures", "Public Health", "Publications", "Random Allocation", "Reporting", "Research", "Research Design", "Safety", "Sampling", "Schools", "Security", "Security Measures", "Series", "Source", "Statistical Data Interpretation", "Structure", "Students", "Suspensions", "System", "Techniques", "Testing", "Text", "Time", "Violence", "Work", "active shooter", "arm", "base", "case control", "comparison group", "demographics", "density", "design", "detector", "economic disparity", "educational atmosphere", "experience", "gun violence", "high school", "improved", "innovation", "prevent", "racial disparity", "school district", "school health", "school shooting", "school violence", "socioeconomics", "statistics", "violence prevention", "violent crime", "web site" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "11604", "attributes": { "award_id": "5U01NR020556-02", "title": "A National Neighborhood Data Resource to Understand Inequities in the Health and Socioeconomic Impacts of COVID-19 in the United States", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)", "National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6234, "first_name": "Dionne", "last_name": "Godette", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-04-14", "end_date": "2027-01-31", "award_amount": 763796, "principal_investigator": { "id": 6235, "first_name": "Philippa", "last_name": "Clarke", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 770, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 6236, "first_name": "Grace A", "last_name": "Noppert", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 770, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in substantial changes to American neighborhoods in ways that are only beginning to be elucidated. There has been an excess of permanent business closures, particularly among small neighborhood businesses most vulnerable to social distancing, such as local barber shops and nail salons. COVID-19 outbreaks in late September 2021 caused 2,000 neighborhood schools to close for an average of six days in 39 states. A burgeoning body of research has tried to understand the forces driving these trends, focusing on infectious disease transmission at the individual level or economic models at the business level. What is not considered is the context in which these changes are taking place. By context, we mean the neighborhood community environment that holds the opportunities, restrictions, risks, and flexibility for post-pandemic growth, including job opportunities in business sectors robust to social distancing; comprehensive broadband internet access to facilitate telemedicine, online schooling, remote work, and online grocery shopping; parks and walkable streets to facilitate socially distanced physical activity and social interaction to mitigate social isolation brought on by the pandemic; and the provision of medical care through the availability of alternate health care providers and pharmacies. Access to these neighborhood resources is not equally distributed across America, reinforcing risk for vulnerable populations, including older adults, children and adolescents, racial/ethnic minorities, and those in rural areas. However, a lack of national, standardized, longitudinal metrics of the local neighborhood environment has hindered the ability to identify which communities are most vulnerable to the immediate and longer-term consequences of the pandemic for a host of behavioral, psychological, social, and economic outcomes. To address this limitation in the nation's data infrastructure, we will augment, curate and disseminate data from our National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA), which includes a wealth of physical, social and economic characteristics of the local neighborhood across the United States (e.g., racial segregation, business density, environmental hazards, broadband internet access, and healthcare availability), in the years both before and since the pandemic. We will participate with the Consortium on Social, Behavioral, and Economic Research on COVID-19 to integrate, share, and analyze spatially referenced neighborhood data that can be readily linked to existing survey data, cohort studies, or electronic health records at various levels of geography. We will work with the COVID-19 Consortium Coordination Center to identify and create key neighborhood metrics that are priorities for research teams in the Consortium, including a set of common data elements (CDEs) on the social, behavioral and economic indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic at the neighborhood level. We will also develop new metrics of longitudinal neighborhood change in the decades preceding the pandemic, which can inform community risk and resilience since the pandemic.", "keywords": [ "Address", "Adolescent", "Age", "American", "Area", "Barbering", "Behavioral", "Businesses", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 impact", "COVID-19 outbreak", "COVID-19 pandemic", "COVID-19 pandemic effects", "Caring", "Censuses", "Characteristics", "Child", "Clinical Research", "Cohort Studies", "Common Data Element", "Communities", "County", "Data", "Economic Models", "Economics", "Education", "Educational workshop", "Elderly", "Electronic Health Record", "Employment", "Environment", "Environmental Hazards", "Ethnic Origin", "Funding", "Geography", "Growth", "Health", "Health Personnel", "Health Promotion", "Individual", "Infrastructure", "Internet", "Letters", "Libraries", "Link", "Locales", "Loneliness", "Maps", "Measures", "Medical", "Mental Health", "Nail plate", "Neighborhoods", "Occupations", "Pattern", "Pharmacy facility", "Physical activity", "Policies", "Politics", "Population", "Race", "Racial Segregation", "Recording of previous events", "Research", "Research Priority", "Resources", "Risk", "Role", "Schools", "Shapes", "Social Distance", "Social Interaction", "Social isolation", "Social outcome", "Source", "Standardization", "Structure", "Surveys", "Telemedicine", "Underserved Population", "United States", "Universities", "Update", "Visualization", "Vulnerable Populations", "Work", "archive data", "behavioral outcome", "data archive", "data curation", "data infrastructure", "data resource", "data sharing", "density", "disease transmission", "driving force", "economic impact", "economic indicator", "economic outcome", "ethnic minority", "experience", "flexibility", "health care availability", "health economics", "health inequalities", "innovation", "pandemic disease", "post-pandemic", "psychological outcomes", "public health emergency", "racial minority", "resilience", "response", "rural area", "school environment", "skills", "social", "socioeconomic disadvantage", "socioeconomics", "substance use", "tool", "trend", "volunteer", "walkability" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "4957", "attributes": { "award_id": "1U01NR020556-01", "title": "A National Neighborhood Data Resource to Understand Inequities in the Health and Socioeconomic Impacts of COVID-19 in the United States", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 17833, "first_name": "Dionne", "last_name": "Godette", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-04-14", "end_date": "2027-01-31", "award_amount": 763321, "principal_investigator": { "id": 17834, "first_name": "Philippa", "last_name": "Clarke", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 17835, "first_name": "Grace A", "last_name": "Noppert", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 770, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in substantial changes to American neighborhoods in ways that are only beginning to be elucidated. There has been an excess of permanent business closures, particularly among small neighborhood businesses most vulnerable to social distancing, such as local barber shops and nail salons. COVID-19 outbreaks in late September 2021 caused 2,000 neighborhood schools to close for an average of six days in 39 states. A burgeoning body of research has tried to understand the forces driving these trends, focusing on infectious disease transmission at the individual level or economic models at the business level. What is not considered is the context in which these changes are taking place. By context, we mean the neighborhood community environment that holds the opportunities, restrictions, risks, and flexibility for post-pandemic growth, including job opportunities in business sectors robust to social distancing; comprehensive broadband internet access to facilitate telemedicine, online schooling, remote work, and online grocery shopping; parks and walkable streets to facilitate socially distanced physical activity and social interaction to mitigate social isolation brought on by the pandemic; and the provision of medical care through the availability of alternate health care providers and pharmacies. Access to these neighborhood resources is not equally distributed across America, reinforcing risk for vulnerable populations, including older adults, children and adolescents, racial/ethnic minorities, and those in rural areas. However, a lack of national, standardized, longitudinal metrics of the local neighborhood environment has hindered the ability to identify which communities are most vulnerable to the immediate and longer-term consequences of the pandemic for a host of behavioral, psychological, social, and economic outcomes. To address this limitation in the nation's data infrastructure, we will augment, curate and disseminate data from our National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA), which includes a wealth of physical, social and economic characteristics of the local neighborhood across the United States (e.g., racial segregation, business density, environmental hazards, broadband internet access, and healthcare availability), in the years both before and since the pandemic. We will participate with the Consortium on Social, Behavioral, and Economic Research on COVID-19 to integrate, share, and analyze spatially referenced neighborhood data that can be readily linked to existing survey data, cohort studies, or electronic health records at various levels of geography. We will work with the COVID-19 Consortium Coordination Center to identify and create key neighborhood metrics that are priorities for research teams in the Consortium, including a set of common data elements (CDEs) on the social, behavioral and economic indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic at the neighborhood level. We will also develop new metrics of longitudinal neighborhood change in the decades preceding the pandemic, which can inform community risk and resilience since the pandemic.", "keywords": [ "Address", "Adolescent", "American", "Americas", "Area", "Arts", "Barbering", "Businesses", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 outbreak", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Caring", "Censuses", "Characteristics", "Child", "Clinical Research", "Code", "Cohort Studies", "Common Data Element", "Communities", "County", "Data", "Economic Models", "Economics", "Educational workshop", "Elderly", "Electronic Health Record", "Employment", "Environment", "Environmental Hazards", "Ethnic Origin", "Funding", "Geography", "Growth", "Health", "Health Personnel", "Health Promotion", "Individual", "Infrastructure", "Internet", "Letters", "Libraries", "Link", "Locales", "Loneliness", "Measures", "Medical", "Mental Health", "Nail plate", "Neighborhoods", "Occupations", "Pattern", "Pharmacy facility", "Physical activity", "Policies", "Politics", "Population", "Race", "Recording of previous events", "Research", "Research Priority", "Resources", "Risk", "Role", "Schools", "Social Distance", "Social Interaction", "Social isolation", "Social outcome", "Source", "Standardization", "Structure", "Surveys", "Telemedicine", "Underserved Population", "United States", "Universities", "Update", "Visualization", "Vulnerable Populations", "Work", "archive data", "archived data", "behavioral economics", "behavioral outcome", "data archive", "data infrastructure", "data resource", "data sharing", "density", "disease transmission", "driving force", "economic impact", "economic indicator", "economic outcome", "ethnic minority population", "experience", "flexibility", "health care availability", "health inequalities", "innovation", "pandemic disease", "psychological outcomes", "public health emergency", "racial and ethnic", "resilience", "response", "rural area", "school environment", "segregation", "skills", "social", "socioeconomic disadvantage", "socioeconomics", "substance use", "tool", "trend", "volunteer", "walkability" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "7276", "attributes": { "award_id": "3R01AA027782-02S1", "title": "A National Longitudinal Study of the Impact of COVID-19 on Recovery Residences", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6777, "first_name": "LAURA ELIZABETH", "last_name": "Kwako", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2019-09-15", "end_date": "2023-06-30", "award_amount": 144053, "principal_investigator": { "id": 12503, "first_name": "AMY Adale", "last_name": "MERICLE", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 1188, "ror": "https://ror.org/019621n74", "name": "Public Health Institute", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1188, "ror": "https://ror.org/019621n74", "name": "Public Health Institute", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Safe and stable housing is critical to recovery from alcohol and other drug disorders. Among individuals in recovery from these disorders, those living in recovery housing are among the most vulnerable. Recovery housing is rooted in the social model of recovery, which emphasizes peer support in helping residents maintain their recovery. CDC guidance for the general public for managing COVID-19 as well as its guidance for shared or congregate housing providers may present significant challenges for residential recovery residence operators. Because the majority of recovery residences operate with almost no formal third-party payers to reimburse or offset costs of this service, furloughs and work stoppages for residents who are responsible for paying for this service may contribute financial hardship and closure of recovery residences. To better understand how recovery residence are responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on recovery housing, this applications aims to: (1) Examine the extent to which CDC guidance and other best practice guidelines are being implemented in recovery residences, identify residence and other contextual characteristics related to differential implementation, and describe changes in implementation over time; and (2) Examine how the pandemic has affected the availability and financial viability of recovery housing, identify whether this impact differs by residence and other contextual factors, and describe changes in availability and financial viability over time. To address these aims, the proposed study will add questions to the survey administered to residences (N=800) participating in the National Study of Treatment and Addiction Recovery Residence (NSTARR) project (R01AA027782). These questions will query the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has affected sources of revenue for the residence, policies and practices, and programming for residents. An additional 200 randomly sampled residences (stratified by US Census Division) will be asked to complete a COVID-19-specific survey that also collects information on implementation of COVID-19 guidance to ensure resident and staff safety. These residences will be geocoded and linked with US Census data, COVID-19 case rates, and geo-located data for federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) and publicly-funded hospitals. They will also be resurveyed 6 and 12 months later to track changes over time. Finally, operators of residences that are no longer open will be asked to participate in a semi-structured interview about the role that COVID-19 may have played in residence closure.", "keywords": [ "Address", "Affect", "Alcohol consumption", "Alcohol or Other Drugs use", "Anxiety", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Censuses", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Characteristics", "Chronic", "Computers", "Continuity of Patient Care", "Country", "Data", "Disease", "Drug usage", "Emotions", "Ensure", "Federally Qualified Health Center", "Financial Hardship", "Funding", "General Population", "Geographic Locations", "Guidelines", "Health", "Health Services Accessibility", "Homelessness", "Hospitals", "Housing", "Individual", "Infrastructure", "Interview", "Link", "Longitudinal Studies", "Longitudinal Surveys", "Nature", "Personal Satisfaction", "Persons", "Plant Roots", "Play", "Policies", "Practice Guidelines", "Provider", "Recommendation", "Recording of previous events", "Recovery", "Reporting", "Research", "Resources", "Risk", "Role", "Safety", "Sampling", "Services", "Social Distance", "Source", "Stream", "Stress", "Structure", "Surveys", "Technology", "Third-Party Payer", "Time", "Uncertainty", "Underemployment", "Work", "addiction", "alcohol and other drug", "contextual factors", "coronavirus disease", "cost", "health care service", "health disparity", "operation", "pandemic disease", "peer support", "physical conditioning", "public health relevance", "relapse risk", "residence", "rural area", "social model", "urban area" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "4700", "attributes": { "award_id": "1451812", "title": "A National Longitudinal Study of Community Trauma Exposure", "funder": { "id": 3, "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62", "name": "National Science Foundation", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences (SBE)", "Social Psychology" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 16292, "first_name": "Steven", "last_name": "Breckler", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2015-01-01", "end_date": "2020-12-31", "award_amount": 333396, "principal_investigator": { "id": 16295, "first_name": "Roxane", "last_name": "Silver", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 177, "ror": "", "name": "University of California-Irvine", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 16293, "first_name": "Ellen", "last_name": "Holman", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 16294, "first_name": "Mansour", "last_name": "Fahimi", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 177, "ror": "", "name": "University of California-Irvine", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Community-based traumas are pandemic and recurring, profoundly taxing individual well-being and societal resources. Yet surprisingly few studies have considered how cumulative exposure to collective and individual stressors may contribute to patterns of adjustment over time. Effects of community traumas can span physical boundaries as well as temporal boundaries, with widespread media coverage transmitting a trauma's impact far beyond the directly exposed population, and challenging the traditional view of trauma exposure. Designing and implementing research on collective traumas requires overcoming formidable scientific and logistical challenges resulting from the fundamental unpredictability of these events. Previous studies that have examined adjustment to community traumas usually involve recalling events long after it occurred, making it difficult to disambiguate the effects of trauma on subsequent adjustment. To be able to draw more solid conclusions about long-term trauma reactions requires having a large sample in which information about pre-event mental and physical health, and baseline assessments of psychological responses have been collected during the acute period of trauma response. The proposed work provides such an opportunity by leveraging the investigators' previous research following a large representative sample for which health and trauma exposure was collected. As a result, the proposed work provides a remarkable opportunity to examine how individuals respond over an extended period of time to repeated direct and indirect exposure to terrorism and other individual and collective traumas.\n\nPrevious work by the investigators involved conducting a large, nationally representative longitudinal study (including oversampling of Boston and New York areas) in which individuals were surveyed immediately after a traumatic collective trauma, the Boston Marathon Bombings (BMB), and at two additional times, on the 6- and 12-month anniversaries of the BMB. The proposed work provides a unique opportunity to collect two additional waves of data on this sample in order to track ongoing direct and indirect exposure to individual and collective stressors, and their role in adjustment, over time. The research has three primary aims: 1) To investigate prospectively how different types of trauma exposure (i.e., direct vs. indirect media-based) are associated with patterns of long-term adjustment after collective stress (e.g., the BMB); 2) To investigate whether cumulative exposure to prior individual or collective traumas sensitizes individuals to or inoculates them against the negative consequences of subsequent events; and 3) To investigate prospectively the extent to which post-BMB trauma exposure (e.g., direct, indirect, individual, collective) explains predicted associations between acute BMB-related stress response and adjustment over time. This research will advance knowledge of how individuals cope with collective traumas and highly stressful events, furthering understanding of the unique needs of individuals traumatized by terrorism, both directly, and indirectly, via exposure to media coverage. Such work will provide information to help identify those at risk for subsequent difficulties following major traumatic events. Moreover, the work has important implications for informing the theory and practice of preparing people for collective traumas and helping them cope with the aftermath. These findings will also add to the foundation of knowledge for helping policymakers, service providers, and community leaders design educational and intervention efforts that are cost-effective and sensitive to the needs of the populace.", "keywords": [], "approved": true } } ], "meta": { "pagination": { "page": 1391, "pages": 1424, "count": 14236 } } }