Represents Grant table in the DB

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            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "10929",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "5R41AI167078-02",
                "title": "A capsule-based bioconjugate vaccine to prevent Klebsiella pneumoniae infections",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
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                    "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)"
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                        "id": 6606,
                        "first_name": "Lanling",
                        "last_name": "Zou",
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                "start_date": "2022-01-01",
                "end_date": "2023-12-31",
                "award_amount": 293112,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 22740,
                    "first_name": "Christian",
                    "last_name": "Harding",
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                        {
                            "id": 1530,
                            "ror": "",
                            "name": "VAXNEWMO, LLC",
                            "address": "",
                            "city": "",
                            "state": "MO",
                            "zip": "",
                            "country": "United States",
                            "approved": true
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                    "id": 1530,
                    "ror": "",
                    "name": "VAXNEWMO, LLC",
                    "address": "",
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                "abstract": "Klebsiella pneumoniae is an encapsulated human pathogen capable of causing a myriad of human infections. Recently, K. pneumoniae has also emerged as one the most common causes of secondary bacterial pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. Over the last 40 years, K. pneumoniae has evolved into two distinct pathotypes, known as classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp). cKp commonly acts as an opportunistic pathogen causing disease in hospitalized or immunocompromised individuals. In fact, cKp is annually responsible for 5% of all healthcare-associated infections and is the leading cause of nosocomial pneumonia in the US. Furthermore, cKp isolates are often carbapenem-resistant (CR), limiting treatment options. In the US, K. pneumoniae multilocus sequence type 258 (ST258) strains account for ~70% of all carbapenem- resistant K. pneumoniae infections. Conversely, hvKp usually cause community-acquired infections in healthy hosts that frequently manifest as community-acquired pneumonia. Like ST258 infections, hvKp infections have high mortality rates approaching 40-60%. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines available to prevent K. pneumoniae infections and none in clinical trials. Nevertheless, preliminary data demonstrate both cKp and hvKp infections can be prevented by vaccines that target their capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Conjugate vaccines consist of a CPS covalently attached to an immunogenic carrier protein. While the clinical benefits of conjugate vaccines are well documented, the development of new conjugate vaccines targeting K. pneumoniae is lagging, likely due to the high technological barriers to entry and high costs associated with conjugate vaccine production. In addition, most conjugate vaccines are multivalent, further increasing manufacturing complexities. In order to simplify conjugate vaccine production, we have developed an in vivo conjugation platform termed bioconjugation. Bioconjugation allows for the simultaneous production of the CPS, the carrier protein and their subsequent covalent linkage all within E. coli. Key to our bioconjugation platform is our patented conjugating enzyme, PglS, which attaches virtually any polysaccharide to a unique amino acid sequence fused to the carrier protein. Furthermore, bioconjugation is modular, allowing for rapid production of multiple, different CPS-protein conjugates. Using our bioconjugation platform, we are developing a multivalent CPS-based bioconjugate vaccine to prevent the majority of K. pneumoniae infections. In this Phase I STTR program, four serotypes were initially selected (K1, K2, KL106, KL107) as these serotypes are associated with >80% of all hvKp (K1 and K2) isolates worldwide and >70% of ST258 (KL106 and KL107) isolates in the US. In Aim 1, we will produce a tetravalent (K1, K2, KL106, KL107) bioconjugate vaccine on a modified carrier protein glycosylated at an internal site, which is expected to improve conjugate characteristics such as stability and immunogenicity. In Aim 2, we will test the tetravalent bioconjugate vaccine in a dose-escalation study to determine an optimal dose. Finally, in Aim 3, we will challenge groups of placebo- or bioconjugate-vaccinated mice with either a ST258 strain (KL106 and KL107) or a hvKp strain (K1 and K2) and assess survival as a surrogate for vaccine efficacy.",
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                    "Americas",
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                "approved": true
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        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "14821",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "3R43HL169087-01A1S1",
                "title": "A breakthrough mobile phone technology that aids in early detection of COPD - TABA fund supplement",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
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                        "id": 26329,
                        "first_name": "SIDDHARTH KAUP",
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                "start_date": "2024-06-01",
                "end_date": "2024-09-14",
                "award_amount": 6500,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 28354,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "last_name": "Wolfson",
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                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 2096,
                    "ror": "",
                    "name": "TELE-STETHOSCOPE INC.",
                    "address": "",
                    "city": "",
                    "state": "KY",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
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                "abstract": "/ Abstract: This application is for TABA funds as a supplement to the following phase I project. COPD is the fourth leading global killer, in part, because of the failure of frontline medicine to detect the disease. Poor early detection leads to unfavorable outcomes and high healthcare costs. Tele-stethoscope* or “TS” is novel technology that allows acoustic data captured from ordinary mobile phones to perform robust analysis of hemodynamics and pneumodynamics. TS is intended to be used in primary care particularly in Tele-health and before scheduled physical examination. Its purpose is to alert primary care physicians to the need for physical examination and possibly referral. In these situations, there are no other comparable testing options. TS has three important innovations. First, is a clinical use innovation which brings remote, impromptu patient evaluation to anyone with a smartphone. Customer discovery has validated both a workflow and reimbursement strategy consistent with commercial success. Further, FDA guidance suggests viability of agency clearance. Second is TS’s novel approach to making AI algorithms. TS uses acoustic data, captured by OEM phone microphones, into rigorous, physics-based features that describe organ hemodynamics and pneumodynamics. The features or independent variables are then used to create binary classification models with logistic regression. By relying on physics, TS never has to use neural networks or overfitting strategies that have raised concerns about data intensity, model stability, regulatory transparency and unknown reliability. The third innovation is that, by relying on passive acoustic data, TS classifies organ function by observing organ dynamics directly rather than from forced air capacity. TS uses many ideas from physics that were not available until fairly recently. By relying on dynamics, TS offers a novel approach to forced air that may eventually be additive to our understanding of respiratory conditions even in PFT labs. This will be the third large scale human study that demonstrates classification of cardio - pulmonary functionality. It follows a published study on COVID detection as well as soon to be published study on the ability of TS to reproduce echocardiogram estimates of ejection fraction. Analysis of stethoscope recordings suggests that the COPD diagnostic will rely on a combination of right heart side hemodynamics and low frequency lung pneumodynamics. A significant body of research is presented which validates the use of mobile phones as an auscultation device with the ability to detect and diagnosis COPD. The Aim of this study is to develop, evaluate, and test an algorithm that allows ordinary mobile phones to detect COPD. Our hypothesis is that TS technology can detect COPD by matching phone acoustic recordings to diagnosis. Diagnosis will be determined by a physician after considering gold standard testing. Performance of the models will be evaluated by using common statistical approaches such as area under the receiver operating curve AUC, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy. The research will have 3 milestones based on recruitment of 30, 60 and 100 patients respectively. Our approach is based on recruitment from patients assigned to a hospital PFT lab so that recordings and gold standard testing are done concurrently. Our team consists of a broad range of talent including the inventor of TS, pulmonology expertise, the research director of emergency medicine for the hospital running the tests, statistical expertise, and project management. * Tele-stethoscope or \"TS\" is patent pending technology developed by Fleming Scientific.",
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        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "12408",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1R43HL169087-01A1",
                "title": "A breakthrough mobile phone technology that aids in early detection of COPD",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
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                "funder_divisions": [
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                "start_date": "2023-09-15",
                "end_date": "2024-09-14",
                "award_amount": 299425,
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                    "id": 28353,
                    "first_name": "Martin Richard",
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                "abstract": "/ Abstract COPD is the fourth leading global killer, in part, because of the failure of frontline medicine to detect the disease. Poor early detection leads to unfavorable outcomes and high healthcare costs. Tele-stethoscope* or “TS” is novel technology that allows acoustic data captured from ordinary mobile phones to perform robust analysis of hemodynamics and pneumodynamics. TS is intended to be used in primary care particularly in Tele-health and before scheduled physical examination. Its purpose is to alert primary care physicians to the need for physical examination and possibly referral. In these situations, there are no other comparable testing options. TS has three important innovations. First, is a clinical use innovation which brings remote, impromptu patient evaluation to anyone with a smartphone. Customer discovery has validated both a workflow and reimbursement strategy consistent with commercial success. Further, FDA guidance suggests viability of agency clearance. Second is TS’s novel approach to making AI algorithms. TS uses acoustic data, captured by OEM phone microphones, into rigorous, physics-based features that describe organ hemodynamics and pneumodynamics. The features or independent variables are then used to create binary classification models with logistic regression. By relying on physics, TS never has to use neural networks or overfitting strategies that have raised concerns about data intensity, model stability, regulatory transparency and unknown reliability. The third innovation is that, by relying on passive acoustic data, TS classifies organ function by observing organ dynamics directly rather than from forced air capacity. TS uses many ideas from physics that were not available until fairly recently. By relying on dynamics, TS offers a novel approach to forced air that may eventually be additive to our understanding of respiratory conditions even in PFT labs. This will be the third large scale human study that demonstrates classification of cardio - pulmonary functionality. It follows a published study on COVID detection as well as soon to be published study on the ability of TS to reproduce echocardiogram estimates of ejection fraction. Analysis of stethoscope recordings suggests that the COPD diagnostic will rely on a combination of right heart side hemodynamics and low frequency lung pneumodynamics. A significant body of research is presented which validates the use of mobile phones as an auscultation device with the ability to detect and diagnosis COPD. The Aim of this study is to develop, evaluate, and test an algorithm that allows ordinary mobile phones to detect COPD. Our hypothesis is that TS technology can detect COPD by matching phone acoustic recordings to diagnosis. Diagnosis will be determined by a physician after considering gold standard testing. Performance of the models will be evaluated by using common statistical approaches such as area under the receiver operating curve AUC, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy. The research will have 3 milestones based on recruitment of 30, 60 and 100 patients respectively. Our approach is based on recruitment from patients assigned to a hospital PFT lab so that recordings and gold standard testing are done concurrently. Our team consists of a broad range of talent including the inventor of TS, pulmonology expertise, the research director of emergency medicine for the hospital running the tests, statistical expertise, and project management. * Tele-stethoscope or \"TS\" is patent pending technology developed by Fleming Scientific.",
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            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "15200",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1C06OD037781-01",
                "title": "A Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory for Viral Pathogens",
                "funder": {
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                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
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                        "first_name": "YONG",
                        "last_name": "Chen",
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                "start_date": "2024-09-01",
                "end_date": "2027-06-16",
                "award_amount": 7857615,
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                    "id": 26614,
                    "first_name": "Hardy",
                    "last_name": "Kornfeld",
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                    "id": 790,
                    "ror": "",
                    "name": "UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER",
                    "address": "",
                    "city": "",
                    "state": "MA",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
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                "abstract": "Program Summary/Abstract The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (UMass Chan) seeks NIH C06 funding to renovate existing space in the medical school (S) building to construct an in vitro Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory for viral pathogens. As an internationally recognized leader in infectious disease research, UMass Chan has made pivotal contributions to this field, with a strong focus on hazardous pathogens, including both viral and bacterial pathogens. During the COVID-19 pandemic, UMass Chan quickly became one of the leading institutes for research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our researchers obtained numerous awards from the NIH, other governmental agencies, and private foundations for these studies. Since then, our researchers have also obtained funding for collaborative research programs to study other BSL-3-level viruses of pandemic potential, such as viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) and alphaviruses. C06 funding is critical to continue these important studies. Our BSL-3 Core Laboratories have been strained by the increased usage due to the pandemic and the addition of other BSL-3 viral pathogens, such as VHF. To accommodate this increase, we have used the satellite BSL-3 lab in the Biotech Two building, which will be lost when UMass Chan repurposes this building in 2026. The remaining S7 BSL-3 lab is already operating at capacity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Yersinia pestis studies and cannot adequately accommodate the researchers studying Risk Group 3 viruses. To proactively address this issue, we seek NIH C06 funding to convert existing space on the 7th floor of the S-building into a second in vitro BSL-3 lab dedicated to research on viral pathogens. The proposed new facility addresses increasing demands on our BSL-3 resources by UMass Chan faculty and other regional investigators. There is strong institutional support for this project and a commitment to fully equip the new lab, including the purchase of advanced imaging equipment currently unavailable in BSL-3. The proposed facility will enhance the safety and resilience of the BSL-3 research core, and maintain the productivity of funded and future research on Risk Group 3 viruses. Our medical school is uniquely positioned to bridge clinical and basic research studies. As a leading site for clinical trials, our researchers have access to patient samples to enhance in vitro and in vivo studies. Our findings can be translated to develop novel prevention and therapeutic strategies leveraging our world-renowned RNA Therapeutics Institute and Institute for Drug Resistance, as well as our partnership with MassBiologics for vaccine and biologic therapy development, making UMass Chan a powerhouse for bench-to-bedside translational research. Robust BSL-3 labs are needed to maintain this excellence and address current and emerging pathogens with pandemic potential.",
                "keywords": [],
                "approved": true
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "9681",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1R43AI167095-01",
                "title": "A biophysical assay targeting SARS CoV-2 RNA",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
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                "funder_divisions": [
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                        "id": 6011,
                        "first_name": "Erik J.",
                        "last_name": "Stemmy",
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                ],
                "start_date": "2022-06-27",
                "end_date": "2024-05-31",
                "award_amount": 299900,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 25502,
                    "first_name": "sandra Paige",
                    "last_name": "story",
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                "abstract": "The world is immersed in a health crisis rivaled only by the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-1919. The difference between the crisis of today and the crisis a century ago is that we have advanced communication technology greatly so that huge populations of people around the globe are aware of risks and can take appropriate precautions, such as the employment of quarantining, isolation, social distancing, and masks and handwashing. Governments have closed schools and outlawed large social gatherings. Medical care has greatly improved, and those most affected have received symptomatic treatment in the absence of a cure for CoVID-19. The problem must be dealt at multiple fronts, such as vaccine development, drug development and new technologies, assays for mitigating viral effects. The proposed project is significant because it proposes a novel in vitro biophysical screening assay for a unique and yet untapped RNA structure in SARS-CoV-2 virus, that can be used in the future to generate RNA specific antiviral compounds. Nucleic acids are promising avenues for drug design, both as therapeutics and as targets. Here we propose an innovative screening approach for identification of a novel class of ligands that are specific for an RNA element within the viral RNA genome that is vital for replication of the virus, and we propose a biophysical screening assay as a first step for identifying such ligands. First, as outlined in Specific Aim 1, we will characterize a model nucleic acid (RNA) domain that will be synthesized, characterized and used to identify a RNA specific fluorescent probe. The optimized probe will then be used for developing a high-throughput screening assay for discovery of nanomolar binders to this RNA. The RNA specific high-affinity binders will then be combined with sequence-specific RNA binding ligands to validate the assay development and its utility. The mechanism of action will be confirmed using inhibition of firefly luciferase translation in a reporter gene assay (Specific Aim 2). While the focus of this application, as the needed first step, is on the development and validation of the biophysical assay for the underlying SARS-CoV-2 RNA structures, a successful validation of the approach will open the doors for discovery and development of lead compounds for inhibition of SARS-CoV in Phase II studies. NUBAD and its team of scientists and collaborators is uniquely qualified to perform these assays and develop the potential leads in Phase II, in addition to providing a template for the scientific community to use the screening technology for their own discovery platforms. Success of the approach will also allow us to expand the screening technology to other RNA structures in SARS and other RNA viruses, and provide the screening resource as a service to the scientific community.",
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        },
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            "type": "Grant",
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                "award_id": "5R43AI167095-02",
                "title": "A biophysical assay targeting SARS CoV-2 RNA",
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                    "first_name": "sandra Paige",
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                "abstract": "The world is immersed in a health crisis rivaled only by the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-1919. The difference between the crisis of today and the crisis a century ago is that we have advanced communication technology greatly so that huge populations of people around the globe are aware of risks and can take appropriate precautions, such as the employment of quarantining, isolation, social distancing, and masks and handwashing. Governments have closed schools and outlawed large social gatherings. Medical care has greatly improved, and those most affected have received symptomatic treatment in the absence of a cure for CoVID-19. The problem must be dealt at multiple fronts, such as vaccine development, drug development and new technologies, assays for mitigating viral effects. The proposed project is significant because it proposes a novel in vitro biophysical screening assay for a unique and yet untapped RNA structure in SARS-CoV-2 virus, that can be used in the future to generate RNA specific antiviral compounds. Nucleic acids are promising avenues for drug design, both as therapeutics and as targets. Here we propose an innovative screening approach for identification of a novel class of ligands that are specific for an RNA element within the viral RNA genome that is vital for replication of the virus, and we propose a biophysical screening assay as a first step for identifying such ligands. First, as outlined in Specific Aim 1, we will characterize a model nucleic acid (RNA) domain that will be synthesized, characterized and used to identify a RNA specific fluorescent probe. The optimized probe will then be used for developing a high-throughput screening assay for discovery of nanomolar binders to this RNA. The RNA specific high-affinity binders will then be combined with sequence-specific RNA binding ligands to validate the assay development and its utility. The mechanism of action will be confirmed using inhibition of firefly luciferase translation in a reporter gene assay (Specific Aim 2). While the focus of this application, as the needed first step, is on the development and validation of the biophysical assay for the underlying SARS-CoV-2 RNA structures, a successful validation of the approach will open the doors for discovery and development of lead compounds for inhibition of SARS-CoV in Phase II studies. NUBAD and its team of scientists and collaborators is uniquely qualified to perform these assays and develop the potential leads in Phase II, in addition to providing a template for the scientific community to use the screening technology for their own discovery platforms. Success of the approach will also allow us to expand the screening technology to other RNA structures in SARS and other RNA viruses, and provide the screening resource as a service to the scientific community.",
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        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "4587",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1359595",
                "title": "A Bioarchaeological Reconstruction of Demography and Social Class",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 3,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62",
                    "name": "National Science Foundation",
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                        "id": 15838,
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                ],
                "start_date": "2014-06-01",
                "end_date": "2020-09-30",
                "award_amount": 207772,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 15839,
                    "first_name": "Bethany",
                    "last_name": "Turner",
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                        {
                            "id": 300,
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                            "name": "Georgia State University Research Foundation, Inc.",
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                            "city": "",
                            "state": "GA",
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                            "country": "United States",
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                        }
                    ]
                },
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                    "id": 300,
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                    "name": "Georgia State University Research Foundation, Inc.",
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                },
                "abstract": "The fundamental goal of this research is to gain insight into how large political entities such as empires and state level societies integrate large numbers of individuals, often speaking different languages and of different ethnicities into centralized functioning units and the effect that such integration has on different groups of individuals. Through use of archaeological data it is possible both to trace such processes over time and to examine aspects of human biology which might be difficult to accomplish with living populations.\n\nWith support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Bethany Turner will conduct a three-year project analyzing archaeological human remains from the southern highlands of Peru.  In collaboration with her Peruvian colleagues and their students, as well as her own students, Dr. Turner will reconstruct patterns of diet and migration in over two hundred individuals recovered from three sites in the heartland of the Inca Empire. In just under a century, the Inca took control of large areas of western South America and subjugated an estimated twelve million people. As part of their governing strategies, Inca administrators forcibly relocated individuals and even entire communities throughout the empire - this strategy quashed pockets of resistance, relocated communities of specialists to where their skills were most needed, and provided an enormous labor pool for military campaigns and building projects. It also translated to different patterns of diet, disease exposure, violence, and other key factors influencing the health and well-being of Inca subjects. Reconstructing the composition of populations at different Inca sites is therefore critical to better understanding whether, and if so, how the life histories of different Inca subjects were affected by Inca imperialism: estimating who was moved, from where, to where, and why can provide insights into not only their life histories, but those of in situ populations by comparison.\n\nTo accomplish this goal, Turner and her colleagues will produce a combination of multi-isotopic data from collected samples of bone and tooth fragments from each individual, as well as dental data that represent aspects of genetic ancestry. These data will be used to create in-depth profiles of diet and residence at different points in the lifespan and relate them to genetic variation within and between each site. Moreover, these data will be analyzed along with published and unpublished data on skeletal health and disease, using Turner's novel approach to better understanding the causes of common skeletal pathological conditions.\n\nThe intellectual merit of this study lies in its use of multiple lines of data to reconstruct aspects of identity and life history in a large sample of indigenous remains, and interpret them using a theoretical perspective centered on social stratification, resource inequality, and ancient statecraft. These data also provide new opportunities to tease apart the different causes of stressors affecting the skeleton, an area of longstanding debate in biological anthropology.\n\nThis study has broader impacts for archaeology and historical studies, particularly of complex and urbanized societies. The Inca Empire was like other states, past and present, in that it stood on the shoulders of its people, most of whom passed anonymously into history. This study's focus on analyzing the skeletal remains of Inca subjects opens a new window into understanding the workings of this ancient empire. This study also provides valuable research opportunities for students in the United States and Peru. Importantly, the results of these analyses will be disseminated to academic and non-academic audiences in the United States and Peru, including to those indigenous descendants of the Inca who are often marginalized in modern Peruvian culture.",
                "keywords": [],
                "approved": true
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "9591",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "2217953",
                "title": "A Bioarchaeological Investigation of Mobility and Infectious Disease",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 3,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62",
                    "name": "National Science Foundation",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "funder_divisions": [
                    "Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences (SBE)",
                    "Biological Anthropology"
                ],
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                    {
                        "id": 3025,
                        "first_name": "Rebecca",
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                ],
                "start_date": "2022-08-15",
                "end_date": "2025-07-31",
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                    "id": 9422,
                    "first_name": "Jane",
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                },
                "other_investigators": [
                    {
                        "id": 25348,
                        "first_name": "Anne C",
                        "last_name": "Stone",
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                    },
                    {
                        "id": 25349,
                        "first_name": "Kelly J",
                        "last_name": "Knudson",
                        "orcid": null,
                        "emails": "",
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                        "keywords": null,
                        "approved": true,
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                    },
                    {
                        "id": 25350,
                        "first_name": "Allisen C",
                        "last_name": "Dahlstedt",
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                    },
                    {
                        "id": 25351,
                        "first_name": "Kelly E",
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                    }
                ],
                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 147,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/03efmqc40",
                    "name": "Arizona State University",
                    "address": "",
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                    "state": "AZ",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
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                },
                "abstract": "Tuberculosis is second only to COVID-19 as a worldwide cause of death by a single pathogen.  Its history reflects extraordinary resiliency, which involves a remarkable number of nonhuman hosts in its global spread.  This project, which uses molecular and biogeochemical methods, extends knowledge of the history and spread of tuberculosis in relationship to human mobility across ancient communities from a diverse landscape. Studying humankind’s past experience with epidemic disease over time encourages attention to the factors responsible for disease spread and importance of viewing disease in the broadest possible landscape—one that includes the environment and all microbes and potential hosts. This study reaches the public through active websites, presentations, publicly available YouTube videos in both English and Spanish, as well as in-person presentations. The project fosters international research collaborations and provides research experiences for undergraduate and graduate students and professionals in molecular techniques, biogeochemical analyses, and data analysis that will help them be competitive in the job market. \n\nThis study explores the spread of a form of tuberculosis that severely affected communities throughout the Americas long before European contact. In so doing, it considers intersecting identities and mobility patterns, along with human interactions with other species (pinnipeds, bacteria) in contrastive environmental settings. The database reflects a comprehensive survey of a region with extensive evidence of ancient tuberculosis. By combining molecular and skeletal evidence with biogeochemical indicators of paleomobility, this research can characterize the complex cycles of tuberculosis introduction and spread from a pinniped source along the coast to inland communities where it apparently became a human disease. The study considers the complex routes by which tuberculosis can spread across communities. Hypotheses specifically address expected outcomes of ongoing introductions from sea mammals and humans as novel primary hosts and disease spreaders. An important part of this project is to characterize the mobility and interaction patterns of individuals and communities that present evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex diseases. Such evidence is crucial to developing nuanced models for disease spread across time and space. The data generated and results are to be published in peer-reviewed articles and formats accessible to the public.\n\nThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.",
                "keywords": [],
                "approved": true
            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "10514",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "1G20AI174728-01",
                "title": "A Bedside-to-Bench Approach to Pandemic Preparedness",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
                    "approved": true
                },
                "funder_divisions": [
                    "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)"
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                    {
                        "id": 24445,
                        "first_name": "Nancy G.",
                        "last_name": "Boyd",
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                ],
                "start_date": "2022-09-16",
                "end_date": "2024-02-29",
                "award_amount": 3906967,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 26522,
                    "first_name": "KENNETH W.",
                    "last_name": "BAYLES",
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                    "emails": "",
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                    "keywords": null,
                    "approved": true,
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                },
                "other_investigators": [],
                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 628,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/00thqtb16",
                    "name": "University of Nebraska Medical Center",
                    "address": "",
                    "city": "",
                    "state": "NE",
                    "zip": "",
                    "country": "United States",
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                },
                "abstract": "The clinical capabilities of the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) and its clinical partner, Nebraska Medicine (NM), played vital roles in the treatment of U.S. citizens infected with Ebola in 2014 and the early response to the COVID-19 pandemic. While the presence of the National Quarantine Unit (NQU) and the Nebraska Biocontainment Unit (NBU) on campus provided UNMC researchers with some of the earliest access to individuals exposed to infectious agents (in the NQU), as well as those who begin to develop disease (in the NBU), we recognized a key gap in our capabilities is the lack of modern technologies within our high- containment spaces required to gain greater insights into the pathogenic mechanisms utilized by new and emerging pathogens. Therefore, the overall goal of this proposed project is to modernize our high-containment research laboratories to maximize their research potential and to leverage our clinical expertise to foster research on vaccine and therapeutic development. This will be achieved in two ways: First, we will improve our biocontainment infrastructure within key biocontainment research facilities in a way that increases our capacity to conduct research on high-consequence pathogens, maximizes synergy between the various biocontainment laboratories, and increases biosecurity. Second, we will invest in the modern technologies needed in our BSL-3 and ABSL-3 laboratories to conduct cutting-edge studies on new and emerging pathogens and to address critical questions related to disease pathogenesis. Upon completion, these improvements will foster much greater synergy between the clinical and research arms of UNMC and NM, leveraging early access to clinical data/samples to streamline research into disease pathogenesis, and to accelerate the development of new vaccines and therapeutics during future pandemics.",
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            "type": "Grant",
            "id": "5504",
            "attributes": {
                "award_id": "3U54AI142766-04S1",
                "title": "A 3D Tissue Map of the Human Lymphatic System",
                "funder": {
                    "id": 4,
                    "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88",
                    "name": "National Institutes of Health",
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                    "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)"
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                    {
                        "id": 19154,
                        "first_name": "Kentner L.",
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                    }
                ],
                "start_date": "2020-09-08",
                "end_date": "2022-06-30",
                "award_amount": 433718,
                "principal_investigator": {
                    "id": 19155,
                    "first_name": "MARK A.",
                    "last_name": "ATKINSON",
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                    {
                        "id": 19156,
                        "first_name": "Bernd",
                        "last_name": "Bodenmiller",
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                    },
                    {
                        "id": 19157,
                        "first_name": "HARRY S",
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                "awardee_organization": {
                    "id": 158,
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                    "name": "University of Florida",
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                    "approved": true
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                "abstract": "The lymphatic system serves five primary roles: 1) removal of excess body fluids; 2) absorption and transport of fatty acids/chyle to the circulatory system; 3) blood filtration; 4) mounting the primary defense against infections and cancer through immune cell production and activation; and 5) generation and activation of regulatory immune cells that protect against autoimmune/autoinflammatory disease. Given these key physiological functions, we deem it important to develop a three-dimensional (3D) tissue map for three major lymphoid organs of the human immune system: spleen, thymus and lymph nodes (Organ Specific Projects 1- 3, respectively). As one of our primary strengths, we have over 10 years of experience in the procurement of transplant-quality organs for research, including those of the lymphatic system. As part of this 24/7/365 effort, we have well-established relationships with the U.S. Organ Procurement Organizations (OPO), having referrals from 56/58 over the last decade. Our standard operating procedures (SOPs), both published and web-based, include assessment of normality, quality control assays, and systematic anatomical dissection/storage. We also participate in National QA/QC programs to evaluate tissue processing/banking procedures. Our approach to developing assay pipelines towards the common goal of a 3D tissue map will initially involve acquiring a macro image of the intact tissue and addressing tissue morphology, using our strengths in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The proposed optical microscopy pipeline will address microanatomical features using formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) and optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound embedded sections as well as tissue optical clearing and expansion. These specimens will be studied from nm to mm resolution using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), confocal, multiphoton and light sheet fluorescence microscopies (LSFM), with all pipelines sharing a common file format for simplified 3D reconstruction. Based on the unique role for lymphatic organs in production and trafficking of immune cells, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) of cells from blood and each lymphatic organ will provide a comparison of the patient- specific immune cell repertoire and serve in subsequent single cell RNA-seq analyses. To co-register biomolecules to their cognate cells, we will employ imaging mass cytometry (IMC), multiplex single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) and multiplexed error-robust FISH (MERFISH) to map cellular protein and mRNA expression, ultimately on each 3D tissue atlas. Our experience in organ procurement, the availability of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHML) Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy (AMRIS) Facility at UF, multiphoton/confocal microscopy, LSFM, state of the art FACS, 10X GENOMICS Chromium controller, and high throughput cDNA library sequencing for RNA-Seq at the University of Florida, as well as world leading IMC and 3D data analysis facility at the University of Zurich, ideally positions us to provide the highest quality 3D Human BioMolecular Atlas (HuBMAP) of the lymphatic organs.",
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