Grant List
Represents Grant table in the DB
GET /v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1385&sort=-program_reference_codes
{ "links": { "first": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1&sort=-program_reference_codes", "last": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1419&sort=-program_reference_codes", "next": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1386&sort=-program_reference_codes", "prev": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1384&sort=-program_reference_codes" }, "data": [ { "type": "Grant", "id": "12200", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R21AI170094-01A1", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 vaccine durability during SIV infection", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 22685, "first_name": "Diane M.", "last_name": "Lawrence", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2023-08-01", "end_date": "2025-07-31", "award_amount": 353000, "principal_investigator": { "id": 28070, "first_name": "Megan A", "last_name": "O'Connor", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 159, "ror": "https://ror.org/00cvxb145", "name": "University of Washington", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "WA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "COVID-19 vaccination is safe, immunogenic, and durable in individuals with treated and virally suppressed HIV infection but is less immunogenic in immunosuppressed individuals and those with unsuppressed HIV infection. The rollout of COVID-19 vaccines is still limited in countries with high HIV prevalence and low access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), necessary to suppress HIV viral replication and reduce HIV-associated comorbidities. Thus, studying COVID-19 vaccination in immunosuppressed and untreated HIV populations is needed. We generated an Alphavirus-derived replicon RNA (repRNA) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, repRNA- CoV2S, encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and delivered by a novel Lipid InOrganic Nanoparticle (LION), a cationic nanoemulsion (CNE). This vaccine platform generates robust and durable protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice and nonhuman primates. Preliminary studies indicate this vaccine is immunogenic in non-human primates with HIV-induced immunosuppression and those with B-cell deficiencies, demonstrating that a repRNA-CoV2S vaccine could be employed to induce strong immunity against COVID-19 in immunosuppressed individuals living with HIV. Here, in a highly relevant pre-clinical SIV macaque model for HIV infection, we will test a 2nd generation COVID-19 vaccine, repRNA- Omicron, that 1) encodes the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron S protein and 2) is comprised of a novel chimeric immunogen (SHARP) which focuses immune responses to the receptor binding domain (RBD) and promotes neutralizing antibodies. We will evaluate the immunogenicity and durability of repRNA-Omicron during untreated SIV-associated immunosuppression and examine the role of SIV-induced immune activation and exhaustion on vaccine immune memory. Furthermore, our studies will aim to understand the mechanisms driving humoral memory by the novel repRNA/LION vaccine platform. If successful, this work will further contribute to understanding the mechanisms driving SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections and reinfections in people living with HIV and will inform improved treatment and vaccine strategies for people living with HIV and other immunocompromised individuals.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Alphavirus", "Anabolism", "Animals", "Antigens", "Automobile Driving", "B-Lymphocytes", "CAR T cell therapy", "CD4 Lymphocyte Count", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 risk", "COVID-19 vaccination", "COVID-19 vaccine", "Cells", "Cessation of life", "Country", "Data", "Development", "Diabetes Mellitus", "Disease", "Dose", "Evaluation", "Exclusion", "Formulation", "Frequencies", "Generations", "Goals", "HIV", "HIV Infections", "HIV/AIDS", "Helper-Inducer T-Lymphocyte", "Hospitalization", "Human", "Immune System Diseases", "Immune response", "Immunity", "Immunization", "Immunocompromised Host", "Immunologic Factors", "Immunologic Memory", "Immunosuppression", "Impairment", "Individual", "Infection", "Influenza Hemagglutinin", "Lipids", "MS4A1 gene", "Macaca", "Macaca nemestrina", "Malignant Neoplasms", "Measures", "Memory", "Messenger RNA", "Methods", "Modeling", "Mus", "Persons", "Phase I Clinical Trials", "Population", "Prevalence", "Proteins", "Public Health", "RNA", "RNA replication", "RNA vaccine", "Regulatory T-Lymphocyte", "Replicon", "Resource-limited setting", "Role", "SARS-CoV-2 immunity", "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "SARS-CoV-2 spike protein", "SARS-CoV-2 variant", "SIV", "Secondary Immunization", "Structure of germinal center of lymph node", "T-Lymphocyte", "Testing", "Vaccines", "Viral", "Virus Replication", "Work", "antiretroviral therapy", "breakthrough infection", "cardiovascular disorder risk", "comorbidity", "cytokine", "exhaustion", "humoral immunity deficiency", "immune activation", "immunogenic", "immunogenicity", "immunosuppressed", "impaired driving performance", "improved", "lipid nanoparticle", "mortality", "nanoemulsion", "nanoparticle", "neutralizing antibody", "nonhuman primate", "novel", "pre-clinical", "receptor binding", "response", "severe COVID-19", "treatment strategy", "vaccine access", "vaccine candidate", "vaccine delivery", "vaccine immunogenicity", "vaccine platform", "vaccine strategy", "vaccine trial", "variants of concern" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "12201", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R01HL165933-01A1", "title": "Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis during HIV/SIV infection", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "NIH Office of the Director" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 22653, "first_name": "EMMANUEL FRANCK", "last_name": "Mongodin", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2023-08-28", "end_date": "2028-07-31", "award_amount": 815811, "principal_investigator": { "id": 28070, "first_name": "Megan A", "last_name": "O'Connor", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 159, "ror": "https://ror.org/00cvxb145", "name": "University of Washington", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "WA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "COVID-19 vaccination reduces the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease, but almost half of hospitalized breakthrough cases are in immunocompromised individuals. HIV infection is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19, hospitalization, and mortality. Immunocompromised individuals are more likely to have prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral shedding, increasing the risk of viral transmission and allowing for rapid evolution of more virulent strains. Therefore, investigating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in the context of immunosuppression is urgently needed to reveal factors driving severe COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 lung pathogenesis is characterized by infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells into the lung and induction of an inflammatory immune response. Similar mechanisms of inflammation and immune dysfunction during HIV infection contribute to systemic HIV pathogenesis and lung pathology. Therefore, dysregulation of immune responses during HIV infection could induce severe disease outcomes during SARS-CoV-2 coinfection. SARS- CoV-2 replication occurs in both respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosal sites and enteric symptoms are associated with COVID-19. There is a defined link between gastrointestinal microbial dysbiosis with accelerated HIV disease progression and an emerging role of lung and intestinal microbial dysbiosis with severe COVID-19. Given that the microbiome plays an important role in maintaining mucosal function and homeostasis, shifts in microbial communities due to HIV infection could contribute to inflammation and immune activation that would drive exacerbated SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Here, we will test the hypothesis that increased immune dysfunction and exhaustion, inflammation, and microbial dysbiosis during HIV infection promote enhanced SARS-CoV-2 lung pathogenesis. We will leverage the pigtail macaque simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of rapid HIV/AIDS and will test this hypothesis during a state of inflammatory untreated SIV infection and during primary and secondary SARS-CoV-2 viral challenges. We will evaluate the roles of SIV-induced immunosuppression and altered alveolar macrophage and neutrophil function on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and pulmonary pathology. We will determine whether HIV infection causes gastrointestinal tract and lung microbial dysbiosis and its association with SARS-CoV-2 disease severity. Lastly, we will determine whether increased immune exhaustion during HIV infection promotes deficits in the generation of primary anti-viral SARS- CoV-2 responses that impairs protection from heterologous SAR-CoV-2 re-challenge. These studies will contribute to our understanding of how normal immunity drives SARS-CoV-2 lung pathophysiology and will dissect how perturbations of immune responses during HIV infection contribute to enhanced disease.", "keywords": [ "16S ribosomal RNA sequencing", "2019-nCoV", "ACE2", "Acceleration", "Acute", "Affect", "Alveolar Macrophages", "Animals", "Automobile Driving", "B-Lymphocytes", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 prevention", "COVID-19 severity", "COVID-19 vaccination", "Cells", "Cessation of life", "Disease", "Disease Outcome", "Disease Progression", "Enteral", "Enterocytes", "Epithelial Cells", "Evolution", "Frequencies", "Functional disorder", "Gastrointestinal tract structure", "Generations", "HIV", "HIV Infections", "HIV/AIDS", "Homeostasis", "Hospitalization", "Humoral Immunities", "Immune", "Immune System Diseases", "Immune response", "Immunity", "Immunocompromised Host", "Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes", "Immunosuppression", "Impairment", "Individual", "Infiltration", "Inflammation", "Inflammatory", "Inflammatory Response", "Innate Immune Response", "Intestines", "Link", "Lung", "Macaca nemestrina", "Measures", "Modeling", "Mucous Membrane", "Outcome", "Pathogenesis", "Pathologic", "Persons", "Phase", "Play", "Proteobacteria", "Pulmonary Inflammation", "Pulmonary Pathology", "Rectum", "Respiratory System", "Risk", "Risk Factors", "Risk Reduction", "Role", "SARS-CoV-2 antiviral", "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis", "SARS-CoV-2 variant", "SIV", "Severity of illness", "T cell response", "Testing", "Viral", "Viral Load result", "Viral hepatitis", "Virulent", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "Virus Shedding", "Work", "adaptive immunity", "antiviral drug development", "associated symptom", "co-infection", "comorbidity", "dysbiosis", "exhaustion", "extracellular", "gastrointestinal", "high risk", "immune activation", "immunopathology", "innovation", "insight", "lung microbiome", "macrophage", "microbial", "microbial community", "microbiome", "microbiome composition", "monocyte", "mortality", "mucosal site", "neutrophil", "nonhuman primate", "oral commensal", "receptor", "rectal", "rectal microbiome", "respiratory", "respiratory pathogen", "response", "severe COVID-19", "variants of concern", "viral transmission" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "12202", "attributes": { "award_id": "1U01CA281848-01", "title": "Bispecific Antibody Therapeutics for Neuroblastoma and Diffuse Midline Glioma", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Cancer Institute (NCI)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 27524, "first_name": "MARCO", "last_name": "Cardone", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2023-08-01", "end_date": "2028-07-31", "award_amount": 860018, "principal_investigator": { "id": 28071, "first_name": "Vandana", "last_name": "Kalia", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 28072, "first_name": "JAMES M", "last_name": "OLSON", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 732, "ror": "https://ror.org/01njes783", "name": "Seattle Children's Hospital", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "WA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Clearly identified barriers have undermined the promise of immunotherapy for pediatric patients with solid or brain tumors. Most of these tumors lack genetic mutations that encode immunogenic proteins. Bispecific T cell engagers (BTEs) have potential to overcome this barrier by connecting cancer cells to endogenous host T cells, bypassing T cell receptor-MHC I interactions to induce T cell expansion and T cell-mediated cancer cell death. Additional barriers in solid tumors are addressed in this application. Barrier #1 is the paucity of endogenous T cells in many pediatric solid and brain tumors. Aim 1 seeks to enhance T cell trafficking into solid or brain tumors via two complementary strategies that involve self-disassembling polymeric chemokines. The significance of Aim 1 is that a solution for promoting T cell infiltration into pediatric solid tumors will enable BTE options for non-resectable or metastatic solid and brain tumors, potentially converting incurable cancers to curable. Barrier #2, unique to brain tumor patients, is the blood brain barrier, which precludes many immunotherapeutics from entering the brain. Aim 2 was motivated by the unexpected result in our lab that a novel BTE that we engineered is driving significantly improved survival in a patient-derived mouse model of diffuse midline glioma (DMG, aka DIPG) despite a relatively intact blood brain barrier. We seek to understand why this BTE is able to access the tumor and extend survival. We also seek to further optimize the BTE and test it in a variety of DMG models. The significance of Aim 2 is that DMG patients have an average life expectancy of 12 months, and this molecule represents an immunotherapeutic option that does not require cellular engineering. Barrier #3 immunotherapy is that the CD3-binding components of most BTEs that have advanced to clinical development bind to CD3 on T cells via high-affinity CD3 binding domains that 1) trigger excessive cytokine release, which causes life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in some patients, 2) accelerates T cell exhaustion, and 3) drives BTE sequestration in liver and spleen. Aim 3 seeks to discover novel CD3 binding proteins (e.g., fully human antibodies or single chain binders) that can induce cancer cell death with fewer liabilities. Such CD3 binders have been discovered by others but are locked in industry with no access provided to pediatric cancer researchers. The significance of Aim 3 is that our candidates could be substituted into Pediatric Immunotherapy Network BTEs to increase the likelihood that the resulting molecules will be safer, more effective (because higher maximally tolerated doses might be expected if CRS risk is reduced), and more efficiently developed. Several protein therapeutics discovered in our lab are advancing in clinical development. We are ideally poised to overcome one or more of these barriers to help the community provide effective “off-the-shelf” immunotherapy for children with immunologically “cold” solid or brain tumors. While independent, the Aims have potential to work synergistically with each other and with discoveries made by our colleagues in the Pediatric Immunotherapy Network.", "keywords": [ "Acceleration", "Address", "Affinity", "Alpaca", "Antibodies", "Autologous", "Automobile Driving", "Binding", "Binding Proteins", "Biodistribution", "Bispecific Antibodies", "Blood - brain barrier anatomy", "Brain", "Brain Neoplasms", "Bypass", "CD3 Antigens", "Cell Death", "Child", "Childhood", "Childhood Solid Neoplasm", "Communities", "Complement", "Core-Binding Factor", "Cystine", "DNA Sequence Alteration", "Data", "Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma", "Engineering", "Exclusion", "Granzyme", "Hematologic Neoplasms", "Human", "Immunologics", "Immunologist", "Immunotherapeutic agent", "Immunotherapy", "Industry", "Injections", "Life", "Life Expectancy", "Liver", "Longevity", "MLL gene", "Malignant Childhood Neoplasm", "Malignant Neoplasms", "Maximum Tolerated Dose", "Mediating", "Modeling", "Monoclonal Antibody HuM291", "Mus", "Mutation", "Neuroblastoma", "Operative Surgical Procedures", "Patients", "Pediatric Hematology", "Polymers", "Population", "Production", "Protein Engineering", "Proteins", "Research Personnel", "Risk", "Safety", "Solid Neoplasm", "Spleen", "T cell infiltration", "T-Cell Receptor", "T-Lymphocyte", "Techniques", "Testing", "Therapeutic", "Therapeutic antibodies", "Time", "Toxic effect", "Treatment Failure", "Tumor Antigens", "Unresectable", "Work", "Xenograft procedure", "antigen binding", "bi-specific T cell engager", "cancer cell", "carcinogenesis", "cellular engineering", "chemokine", "chemoradiation", "clinical development", "cross reactivity", "cytokine", "cytokine release syndrome", "diffuse midline glioma", "drug development", "exhaustion", "immunogenic", "immunological synapse", "implantation", "improved", "in vitro activity", "in vivo", "invention", "manufacture", "mouse model", "neoplastic cell", "new technology", "next generation", "novel", "patient derived xenograft model", "pediatric patients", "perforin", "preclinical development", "prevent", "programmed cell death ligand 1", "resistance mechanism", "response", "therapeutic protein", "trafficking", "tumor", "tumor microenvironment", "vaccination strategy" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "12203", "attributes": { "award_id": "1UC7AI180306-01", "title": "Biocontainment Research Support Service(s) Core", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [], "start_date": "2023-08-18", "end_date": "2028-07-31", "award_amount": 944931, "principal_investigator": { "id": 28073, "first_name": "Rachel M", "last_name": "Olson", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1049, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MO", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Core 3: Biocontainment Research Support Services Core The objective of the Biocontainment Research Support Services Core (BRSSC, Core 3) is to provide sustainable research resources that facilitate the pre-clinical development of medical countermeasures against emerging and re-emerging pathogens. To achieve this, the BRSSC provides world-class resources in the priority areas of aerobiology, animal modeling, immunology, imaging, and microbiology for BSL-3 bacterial and viral pathogens. The BRSSC serves the needs of MU as well as NIAID and the RBL-NBL network by focusing its capabilities to provide technical expertise under BSL-3 containment for NIAID priority pathogens and the evaluation of novel vaccines, treatments, and diagnostics. The BRSSC closely collaborates with other relevant Research Services at MU, including but not limited to the NIH-funded Resource and Research Centers for Mutant Mouse, Rat, and Swine to develop and refine novel transgenic animal models for priority pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. The technical staff of the BRSSC is a dedicated team for conducting and supporting experiments using advanced technology, high-precision instrumentation on live samples. Added layers of primary and secondary containment allow for safe handling and usage of the unique support services that are offered in the BRSSC. For example, direct access from the vivarium to the class III glovebox and its inhalation exposure chamber eliminates the need to move infected animals through corridors or other space that may expose people. In addition, there is a high- speed cell sorter, housed within a manufacturer-supplied class II BSC, that allows recovery of live cells infected with a BSL-3 pathogen for downstream analysis. The Lionheart fluorescent microscopy system allows real-time imaging of environmentally-controlled live BSL-3 samples in multi-well format, and is useful for optimization of viral growth conditions and other live and in vitro assays without need for pathogen inactivation. Further imaging and other instrumentation available in the ABSL-3 allows for longitudinal monitoring of the infection, blood chemistry and immune responses without need to chemically inactivate sample, thereby reducing time and unwanted impact for the procedure. All of these examples illustrate the capabilities for safe conduct of BSL-3 research using advanced technology instrumentation that is available through the BRSSC. The collaborative effort between the dedicated teams of Cores 1, 2 and 3 of this UC7 application combined with regular interactions with the NIAID RBL-NBL network will maximize best practices and usage of these unique resources. To create sustainability, the BRSSC is committed to training diverse technical professionals and scientists in BSL-3/ACL- 3/ABSL-3 research. Through management of the critical resources at the LIDR, the BRSSC helps advance the development of novel medical countermeasures against BSL-3 pathogens.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Advanced Development", "Aerosols", "Animal Model", "Animals", "Area", "Biological Assay", "Blood Chemical Analysis", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Cavia", "Cells", "Chemicals", "Collaborations", "Communicable Diseases", "Communication", "Communities", "Containment", "Controlled Environment", "Core Facility", "Custom", "Data", "Dedications", "Development", "Diagnostic", "Emerging Communicable Diseases", "Ensure", "Equipment", "Evaluation", "Event", "Family suidae", "Ferrets", "Flow Cytometry", "Funding", "Goals", "Goat", "Growth", "Hamsters", "Human Resources", "Image", "Immune response", "Immunity", "Immunology", "Infection", "Infectious Diseases Research", "Inhalation Exposure", "Investments", "Laboratories", "Maintenance", "Manufacturer", "Methodology", "Methods", "Microbiology", "Microscopy", "Missouri", "Modeling", "Monitor", "Mus", "Mutant Strains Mice", "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease", "Oryctolagus cuniculus", "Persons", "Procedures", "Productivity", "Public Health", "Rattus", "Recovery", "Reproducibility", "Research", "Research Personnel", "Research Support", "Resource Development", "Resources", "Route", "Safety", "Sampling", "Scientist", "Secure", "Services", "Sheep", "Specialist", "Speed", "Structure", "System", "Technical Expertise", "Technology", "Time", "Training", "Transgenic Animals", "Translating", "United States National Institutes of Health", "Universities", "Viral", "Work", "Workforce Development", "biodefense", "biosafety level 3 facility", "cytokine", "emerging pathogen", "experience", "experimental study", "human disease", "human model", "in vitro Assay", "instrumentation", "medical countermeasure", "new outbreak", "next generation", "novel", "novel vaccines", "pathogen", "pathogen exposure", "pathogenic bacteria", "pathogenic virus", "pre-clinical", "preclinical development", "priority pathogen", "programs", "real-time images", "recruit", "research and development", "response", "vector transmission" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "12204", "attributes": { "award_id": "1F30AI172101-01A1", "title": "Antiviral innate immune responses to pathogenic coronaviruses in the nasal epithelium", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6125, "first_name": "Timothy A.", "last_name": "Gondre-Lewis", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2023-08-01", "end_date": "2027-07-31", "award_amount": 52694, "principal_investigator": { "id": 28074, "first_name": "Clayton", "last_name": "Otter", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 232, "ror": "https://ror.org/00b30xv10", "name": "University of Pennsylvania", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "PA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "/ Abstract MERS-CoV (MERS) and SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-2) are highly pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs) that have emerged and caused public health emergencies in the past 20 years. Both of these pathogenic CoVs are betacoronaviruses, although from different lineages (merbeco and sarbeco, respectively). Like other respiratory viruses, CoVs enter the respiratory tract and establish an infection in the upper airway epithelium, where they encounter host innate immune defenses. All CoVs produce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a byproduct of their replication, and this intermediate can induce three innate immune pathways in host cells: interferon (IFN) production and signaling, the protein kinase R (PKR) pathway, and the OAS/RNase L system. Studies of MERS in lower airway cell lines has shown that this virus is particularly adept at evading these dsRNA-induced innate immune pathways. This contrasts with SARS-2, which activates IFN, PKR, and RNase L pathways. Relatively little has been done to characterize the role that these pathways may play in limiting MERS and SARS-2 infection in the upper airway. Additionally, mucosal innate immune defenses such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and nitric oxide (NO) that are highly expressed in the nasal epithelium have only recently been recognized as antiviral, and their role during CoV infection has yet to be characterized. Similarly, mucus production and ciliary function are primary innate immune defenses in the upper airway epithelium, and their specific roles in limiting SARS-2 and MERS infection is unclear. Interestingly, MERS and SARS-2 have different cellular tropisms in the nasal epithelium, with MERS predominantly infecting mucus-producing goblet cells and SARS-2 infecting ciliated cells, suggesting innate immune responses to these viruses may differ. I propose to use a primary nasal epithelial culture system to characterize these innate immune effector functions in the upper airway during MERS and SARS-2 infection. I hypothesize that previously underappreciated epithelial innate defenses such as AMP production, NO synthesis, and mucociliary mechanisms function to limit MERS and SARS-2 replication and spread in the nasal epithelium alongside dsRNA- induced innate immune pathways. My first aim will utilize a panel of SARS-2 and MERS recombinant viruses expressing inactive forms of important viral innate immune antagonists to characterize activation and evasion of dsRNA-induced innate immunity and downstream effects of activation of these pathways (cytokine production, cell death). My second aim will elucidate the role of ciliary and mucus function during SARS-2 and MERS infection by pharmacologically perturbing these innate processes, and will investigate the activation of and the potential inhibitory role of epithelial AMP and NO responses during MERS and SARS-2 infection. The experiments proposed will begin to characterize immune responses to pathogenic CoVs in the upper airway epithelium, the primary site of infection by respiratory viruses, with the potential to identify novel targets for antiviral therapeutics that could be effective against these and future zoonotic CoVs.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "A549", "Agonist", "Air", "Alveolar", "Antiviral Agents", "Apical", "Attenuated", "Basal Cell", "Cell Death", "Cell Line", "Cell physiology", "Cells", "Cellular Tropism", "Cilia", "Coronavirus", "Coronavirus Infections", "Data", "Disease", "Disease Outbreaks", "Double-Stranded RNA", "Epithelium", "Frequencies", "Future", "Goblet Cells", "Host Defense", "Human", "Immune", "Immune response", "Immunity", "Immunocompetent", "Infection", "Influenza A virus", "Innate Immune Response", "Innate Immune System", "Interferons", "Interleukin-13", "Ligase", "Liquid substance", "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome", "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus", "Mucous Membrane", "Mucous body substance", "Nasal Epithelium", "Natural Immunity", "Nitric Oxide", "Nose", "Pathogenicity", "Pathway interactions", "Patients", "Play", "Population", "Process", "Production", "Proteins", "Public Health", "RNA Viruses", "Recombinants", "Reporting", "Respiratory System", "Ribonucleases", "Role", "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "Sampling", "Signal Transduction", "Site", "Structure of mucous membrane of nose", "System", "Testing", "Therapeutic", "Tropism", "Viral", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "Virus Replication", "Work", "airway epithelium", "antagonist", "antimicrobial peptide", "betacoronavirus", "cell type", "coronavirus therapeutics", "cytokine", "experimental study", "in vivo", "innate immune pathways", "insight", "mutant", "novel", "novel coronavirus", "oligoadenylate", "pathogen", "pharmacologic", "prevent", "protein kinase R", "public health emergency", "recombinant virus", "respiratory", "respiratory infection virus", "respiratory virus", "response", "tool", "virus host interaction", "zoonotic coronavirus" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "12205", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R01DA059176-01", "title": "Multimodal Analysis of Gestational Health and Placental Injury in Opioid-Affected Pregnancies", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 28075, "first_name": "Da-Yu", "last_name": "Wu", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2023-08-15", "end_date": "2026-07-30", "award_amount": 3092159, "principal_investigator": { "id": 22880, "first_name": "Elizabeth E", "last_name": "Krans", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 848, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "PA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 28076, "first_name": "Yingshi", "last_name": "Ouyang", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, { "id": 28077, "first_name": "Yoel", "last_name": "Sadovsky", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 1731, "ror": "", "name": "MAGEE-WOMEN'S RES INST AND FOUNDATION", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "PA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Opioids are medically used for safe pain relief and management. However, illicit opioid use has substantially increased across the US in the past decade, with further worsening during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a profound impact on human health. Specifically, opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy poses an increased risk of pregnancy-associated maternal morbidity and mortality, fetal growth restriction (FGR) and related complications, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, and long-term neurobehavioral effects. Some of these risks persist despite the use of safer opioids, such as buprenorphine and methadone, medications for OUD (MOUD) patients. Whereas current studies center mainly on transplacental opioid transport to the fetus and the adverse effects of opioids on infants, the direct impact of illicit and prescription opioids on placental development, differentiation, and function are largely unexplored. The placental floating villi mediate maternal- fetal gas exchange, nutrient uptake, waste release immune defense and the production of hormones and extracellular vesicles (EVs). These villi are covered by a layer of multinucleated, terminally differentiated syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), which forms the feto-placental frontline that is directly exposed to opioids in the maternal blood. Subjacent to this layer are mononucleated, progenitor cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), which replenish the STB layer through the process of differentiation and fusion. Importantly, injuries to the STB and CTB layers are implicated in pregnancy-associated complications, including FGR and stillbirth. Here we seek to investigate opioid-dependent placental injury, focusing on the most critical and unique layer of placental trophoblasts. We will enroll participants with OUD, including illicit opioids and MOUD (buprenorphine, methadone), examine their pregnancy course and their children’s health through the first year postpartum. Using biospecimens from each participant, including maternal plasma and urine across the three trimesters, placental biopsies and fetal cord blood at delivery, we will employ multimodal cutting-edge technologies, including single-cell RNAseq, spatial transcriptomics, protein chip cytometry and placenta EV RNA profiling, and explore the molecular and cellular processes affected by opioids in the maternal-placental-fetal trio- ecosystem. To gain mechanistic insights into the functional changes in gene expression and EV cargo, we will use an array of model systems, including human trophoblast stem cells and cultured primary human trophoblasts, and mechanistically interrogate pathways underlying opioid injury. We will further correlate key molecular signatures with clinical assessment, including maternal gestational disorders, perinatal and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes. Together, our strategic plan, bolstered by our transdisciplinary team, enables us to address critically important knowledge gaps related to human placenta biology in opioid-affected pregnancies.", "keywords": [ "Address", "Adverse effects", "Affect", "Biological", "Biological Models", "Biology", "Biopsy", "Blood", "Brain", "Buprenorphine", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Cell physiology", "Cells", "Child", "Child Health", "Clinical Data", "Clinical assessments", "Complement", "Cytometry", "Data", "Diagnosis", "Disease", "Ecosystem", "Endocrine", "Enrollment", "Ensure", "Exposure to", "Fentanyl", "Fetal Development", "Fetal Growth Retardation", "Fetus", "Functional disorder", "Gases", "Gene Expression", "Goals", "Health", "Hormones", "Human", "Image", "Immune", "In Vitro", "Infant", "Infant Development", "Infant Health", "Injury", "Knowledge", "Life", "Low Birth Weight Infant", "Maternal Mortality", "Mediating", "Medical", "Methadone", "Methods", "MicroRNAs", "Molecular", "Molecular Profiling", "Mothers", "Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome", "Neurodevelopmental Disorder", "Nutrient", "Opiate Addiction", "Opioid", "Opioid Receptor", "Outcome", "Overdose", "Pain management", "Participant", "Pathway interactions", "Patients", "Pattern", "Perinatal", "Placenta", "Placental Biology", "Placentation", "Plasma", "Population", "Population Research", "Postpartum Period", "Pregnancy", "Pregnant Women", "Premature Birth", "Process", "Production", "Protein Microchips", "Proteomics", "RNA", "Receptor Activation", "Research", "Risk", "Sampling", "Shapes", "Strategic Planning", "Structure", "Syncytiotrophoblast", "System", "Technology", "Testing", "Therapeutic Intervention", "Time", "Umbilical Cord Blood", "Urine", "Villus", "adverse outcome", "analytical tool", "cell type", "clinical practice", "clinically relevant", "cohort", "cytotrophoblast", "exosome", "extracellular vesicles", "fetal", "fetal opioid exposure", "illicit opioid", "immune function", "improved", "in vivo", "infancy", "innovation", "insight", "liquid biopsy", "maternal morbidity", "medication for opioid use disorder", "molecular phenotype", "multimodality", "neurobehavioral", "non-opioid analgesic", "novel", "opioid use", "opioid use disorder", "opioid use in pregnancy", "pain relief", "participant enrollment", "perinatal outcomes", "pregnancy associated death", "pregnancy health", "pregnant", "prenatal", "prescription opioid", "progenitor", "prospective", "repository", "risk mitigation", "sensor", "single-cell RNA sequencing", "stillbirth", "tool", "transcriptomics", "trophoblast", "trophoblast stem cell", "uptake", "wasting" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "12206", "attributes": { "award_id": "1UC7AI180309-01", "title": "UofL RBL Operations, Workforce Development and Pandemic Preparedness Research", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 27982, "first_name": "FAYNA C", "last_name": "Diaz San Segundo", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2023-08-18", "end_date": "2028-07-31", "award_amount": 2935664, "principal_investigator": { "id": 28078, "first_name": "KENNETH E", "last_name": "PALMER", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 795, "ror": "https://ror.org/01ckdn478", "name": "University of Louisville", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "KY", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "(OVERALL): The University of Louisville Regional Biocontainment Laboratory (RBL) is operated by the University Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CPM). The RBL is a regional resource that facilitates translational research to develop diagnostics, prognostics, therapeutics and vaccines to mitigate biodefense and emerging infectious disease threats. Our Center operates the only BSL-3 and ABSL-3 facilities currently operating in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The CPM mandate is to prepare for and respond to public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The broad, long-range objectives and goals of the University of Louisville (UofL) CPM RBL are: 1. To offer state-of-the-art research services to the regional and national biomedical research community to learn from past pandemics and biological warfare experiences and effectively predict and mitigate future emerging infectious disease threats. 2. To manage, maintain and operate the UofL RBL to serve the national and regional need for biocontainment facilities suitable for research on Risk Group 3 pathogens and other biothreats. 3. To follow a philosophy of continuous improvement in BSL-3 and ABSL-3 work practices and to ensure that all personnel who need to access BSL-3 and ABSL-3 containment laboratories are appropriately trained and prepared to serve the national and regional need for biocontainment research professionals. To achieve these aims we propose to establish three collaborative Cores. The Facilities Management Maintenance and Operations Core (FMMO Core) is responsible for ensuring that the facility is always available to meet the research and emergency preparedness mission of the RBL. The BSL-3 Practices and Workforce Development Core (BSL-3PWD Core) formalizes our mentor-mentee training plan to ensure our laboratory is staffed with BSL-3 research professionals who are proficient at biocontainment research professionals. This core responds to the reality that response to rapidly emerging public health emergencies like COVID-19 is limited by the number of available BSL-3 trained and experienced research professionals. Our Pandemic Preparedness and Response Integrated Research Core (PaPR Core) responds to the substantially increased requests for our BSL-3 research services by organizing an integrated full-service BSL-3 research support function to support investigator needs. These cores will work in unison to achieve the CPM mission: to prepare for and respond to public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.", "keywords": [ "Attention", "Biological Warfare", "Biomedical Research", "Biotechnology", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "COVID-19 patient", "China", "Clinical Trials", "Communities", "Containment", "Creativeness", "Crowns", "Dedications", "Diagnostic", "Disease Outbreaks", "Economics", "Emerging Communicable Diseases", "Ensure", "Federal Government", "Funding Opportunities", "Future", "Goals", "Health Services Research", "Health care facility", "Hospitals", "Hour", "Human Resources", "Industry", "Infection", "Institution", "International", "Investigational New Drug Application", "Kentucky", "Laboratories", "Leadership", "Learning", "Maintenance", "Managed Care", "Medicine", "Mentors", "Mission", "Modeling", "National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences", "National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases", "Nose", "Patients", "Philosophy", "Play", "Public Health", "Research", "Research Personnel", "Research Support", "Resources", "Rest", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Risk", "Role", "Scientist", "Serology test", "Services", "System", "Talents", "Techniques", "Testing", "Therapeutic", "Training", "Translational Research", "United States National Institutes of Health", "Universities", "University resources", "Vaccines", "Work", "Workforce Development", "biocontainment facility", "biodefense", "biothreat", "cohort", "experience", "improved", "laboratory experience", "medical countermeasure", "metropolitan", "novel", "novel coronavirus", "operation", "pandemic disease", "pandemic preparedness", "pandemic response", "pathogen", "previous pandemic", "prognostic", "prophylactic", "public health emergency", "recruit", "response", "service organization", "skills", "wastewater surveillance" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "12207", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R16GM150715-01", "title": "Language Identity and Mental Health Disparities among Multilingual 1.5 Generation Asian/Asian American Immigrant Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Study", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 28079, "first_name": "OLGA NIKOLAEVNA", "last_name": "Kovbasnjuk", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2023-08-18", "end_date": "2027-06-30", "award_amount": 183125, "principal_investigator": { "id": 28080, "first_name": "Chulwoo", "last_name": "Park", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 2074, "ror": "https://ror.org/04qyvz380", "name": "San Jose State University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "Asian American immigrants have been particularly vulnerable to health disparities and mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to other racial/ethnic groups. There are multiple reasons: a language barrier, its impacts on isolation and marginalization, and anti-Asian hate crime and incidents. In the proposal, we will focus on the detailed component of a language barrier (language proficiency and language identity), and its effect on mental health disparities. Most of the Asian/Asian American immigrants begin using English as an additional language (L2) once they arrive in the U.S., after mainly using a first language (L1) from their parent's country of origin. 1.5 generation Asian/Asian American immigrant young adults—those who migrated to the U.S. with their parents (1st generation) from Asian countries when they were children aged between 5 and 17, have been living in the U.S. at least 2 years, and current ages are between 18 and 25—are a significant health disparity population. However, little research to date has examined how learning an L2 among 1.5 generation Asian/Asian American immigrant young adults informs their sense of acceptance, inclusion, and identity as well as their acculturation, socialization, and psychological well-being in American society. To close this research gap, the objective of the proposed work is to investigate the association between learning an L2 and mental health disparities among 1.5 generation young adults from Asian ethnic groups/Asian Americans as health disparity populations. The central hypothesis of this study is that for socioeconomically diverse 1.5 generation Asian/Asian American immigrant young adults, those who grew up affiliating with one culture and now may also need to affiliate with a new dominant American culture, are more likely to experience psychosocial adversity and mental health disparities. This project has two specific aims, using a mixed-methods research design. First, using quantitative analysis, we will determine the extent to which perceived language proficiency/language identity in 1.5 generation Asian/Asian American young adults is associated with psychological well-being and mental health (Aim 1). Second, using qualitative analysis, we will gain an in-depth understanding of experiences with acculturation and discrimination and how these experiences relate to their perceptions of language skills and psychological well-being/mental health disparities (Aim 2). Data from the study will be the foundation for the development of Asian immigrant-tailored psychological health strategies for successful acculturation in American society associated with learning an L2 that has not been substantially discussed. The project carries practical implications for promoting the design and implementation of multi- sectoral interventions to address the structural drivers of health disparities (e.g., racism and discrimination). In addition, it will bring attention to establishing the culturally congruent multilingual competence for the development of 1.5 generation Asian/Asian American immigrant populations' strong sense of acceptance, inclusion, and identity in American society to achieve the goal of health equity for all in the U.S.", "keywords": [ "Acculturation", "Address", "Adjustment Disorders", "Adolescent", "Age", "American", "Anxiety", "Area", "Asian", "Asian Americans", "Attention", "COVID-19 pandemic", "California", "Child", "Communities", "Competence", "Confusion", "Country", "Data", "Development", "Discrimination", "English Language", "Ethnic Population", "Exposure to", "Focus Groups", "Foundations", "Friends", "Generations", "Grant", "Home", "Immigrant", "Immigration", "Individual", "Interdisciplinary Study", "Intervention", "Interview", "Language", "Language Development", "Learning", "Link", "Measures", "Mediating", "Mental Depression", "Mental Health", "Mental Health Associations", "Methods", "Migrant", "Moods", "Multilingualism", "Neighborhoods", "Outcome", "Parents", "Participant", "Pathway interactions", "Patient Self-Report", "Population", "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders", "Prevention program", "Productivity", "Public Health", "Reduce health disparities", "Reporting", "Research", "Research Design", "Research Methodology", "Sample Size", "San Francisco", "Schools", "Science", "Shapes", "Socialization", "Societies", "Stress", "Suggestion", "Surveys", "Target Populations", "Time", "United States", "Well in self", "Work", "aged", "anti-Asian", "design", "ethnic identity", "experience", "graduate student", "hate crimes", "health disparity", "health disparity populations", "health equity", "health goals", "instrument", "intervention program", "language perception", "marginalization", "migration", "psychosocial", "psychotic", "public health relevance", "racial population", "racism", "skills", "social culture", "social health determinants", "socioeconomics", "undergraduate student", "young adult" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "12208", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R21AI179550-01", "title": "Feasibility of conducting HIV surveillance in community wastewater", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 28081, "first_name": "Gerald B.", "last_name": "Sharp", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2023-08-23", "end_date": "2025-07-31", "award_amount": 231713, "principal_investigator": { "id": 28082, "first_name": "Julie", "last_name": "Parsonnet", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 266, "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "name": "Stanford University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2019, an estimated 1.2 million people—including 158,500 (13%) with undiagnosed infection—were living with HIV in the United States. Since then, HIV control efforts have been complicated by disruptions to HIV testing, care-related services, and case surveillance activities in state and local jurisdictions. However, the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV transmission, incidence and outcomes has been difficult to quantify. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a non-invasive and unbiased surveillance approach that can be used to estimate infectious disease occurrence in the population by detecting pathogen DNA or RNA in pooled community samples of wastewater. Here we propose to apply a novel WBE HIV surveillance method to measure HIV-1 nucleic acids in wastewater to estimate HIV incidence in sewersheds during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research study will pursue three specific aims: (1) to develop and validate a quantification method for HIV-1 nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) in urine, feces and wastewater settled solids, (2) in 30 people living with HIV, to c orrelate HIV nucleic acid (RNA and DNA) shedding in urine and feces with plasma viral load, and (3) using archived samples of wastewater rom Santa Clara and San Francisco Counties during the COVID pandemic, to determine trends in wastewater HIV-1 nucleic acid levels and compare findings with community case rates of HIV. The overarching goal of this project is to establish an HIV quantification method for wastewater-based surveillance using digital droplet, reverse transcription-PCR analysis that can be used to monitor HIV in the community. We hypothesize that wastewater surveillance can identify populations disproportionately affected by HIV, facilitating allocation of resources to those at highest risk, thereby maximizing HIV control. Investigating rates of changes in HIV nucleic acid in wastewater in relation to COVID-19 may also improve our understanding of how pandemic disease and its control strategies can impact HIV surveillance and patient care. Knowledge gained from this project will help establish a framework for wastewater-based surveillance for HIV in the US and globally that can reduce health disparities, improve health outcomes and prevent HIV transmission.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "AIDS prevention", "Affect", "Authorization documentation", "Biological Assay", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "COVID-19 pandemic effects", "California", "Caring", "Clinical", "Communicable Diseases", "Communities", "Complement", "County", "DNA", "Disease", "Disease Surveillance", "Ensure", "Feces", "Goals", "HIV", "HIV Infections", "HIV Seropositivity", "HIV diagnosis", "HIV-1", "HIV/AIDS", "Health", "Hospitalization", "Human", "Human immunodeficiency virus test", "Incidence", "Individual", "Infection", "Knowledge", "Measurement", "Measures", "Medical", "Methods", "Modeling", "Monitor", "Monkeypox", "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease", "Nucleic Acids", "Outcome", "Pathogen detection", "Patient Care", "Persons", "Plasma", "Poliomyelitis", "Population", "Prevalence", "Public Health", "RNA", "Reduce health disparities", "Reporting", "Resource Allocation", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Reverse Transcription", "Risk Assessment", "Sampling", "San Francisco", "Services", "Sewage", "Solid", "Specimen", "Surveillance Methods", "System", "Testing", "Time", "Uncertainty", "United States", "Urine", "Viral", "Viral Load result", "Viremia", "Virus", "Visit", "Work", "authority", "community transmission", "cost effective", "digital", "feasibility testing", "high risk", "improved", "in vitro Assay", "infection risk", "interest", "novel", "pandemic disease", "pathogen", "prevent", "prevention service", "rate of change", "recruit", "research study", "response", "sample archive", "screening", "screening services", "stool sample", "success", "time use", "tool", "transmission process", "treatment services", "trend", "wastewater epidemiology", "wastewater samples", "wastewater surveillance", "wasting" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "12209", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R21HD109408-01A1", "title": "Adapting COVID-19 Prenatal Care Innovations for Patients At Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: a Mixed Methods Study of the Plan for Appropriate Tailored Healthcare in Pregnancy", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 8086, "first_name": "Maurice", "last_name": "Davis", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2023-08-14", "end_date": "2025-07-31", "award_amount": 264736, "principal_investigator": { "id": 28083, "first_name": "Alex", "last_name": "Peahl", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 770, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Prenatal care is a critical lever for improving maternity outcomes for the 4 million women who give birth annually. Yet, the traditional model of care—a uniform 14 in-person visits—overtreats and unduly burdens many patients. The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly transformed prenatal care delivery, prompting adoption of hybrid prenatal care models (reduced visit schedules with telemedicine). These changes are the basis for new national prenatal care consensus recommendations: the Plan for Appropriate Tailored Healthcare in pregnancy (PATH). Reduced visit schedules and telemedicine are supported by evidence and expert opinion, but it is unclear how hybrid prenatal care models will affect care utilization, health outcomes, and patient and provider experience, particularly for marginalized patient groups with the worst baseline outcomes. While PATH is promising for removing access barriers, changes could have unintended consequences (e.g. more unscheduled or delayed care). Thus, there is a critical need to evaluate the effects of hybrid prenatal care models to inform adaptations for widespread implementation for medically average-risk and marginalized patient populations. OVERALL STRATEGY: This research aims to understand how hybrid prenatal care models affect service utilization and health outcomes for average-risk patients, especially those from marginalized groups (low- income, Black, and rural patients). To achieve these goals, we will conduct econometric analyses to compare prenatal care utilization and outcomes from two institutions that have initiated and maintained hybrid prenatal care models to the present (Michigan Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center) with a control site (Indiana University) that adopted the hybrid prenatal care model only from March-May 2020 before returning to traditional care. We will used mixed methods to integrate EHR data with in-depth qualitative interviews to explain differences in utilization and critical adaptations needed to improve prenatal care delivery for average- risk and key marginalized groups. RESEARCH AIMS: Our study’s aims are: 1) Evaluate the effects of hybrid prenatal care models on care utilization and health outcomes for average-risk patients. 2) Explore how patient and provider factors affect utilization of hybrid prenatal care models to inform critical adaptations for optimizing prenatal care. IMPACT: This timely investigation is highly likely to exert a sustained, powerful impact on prenatal care delivery, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and equity, with potential for particular benefit among marginalized pregnant patients.", "keywords": [ "Accident and Emergency department", "Admission activity", "Adopted", "Adoption", "Affect", "American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists", "Birth", "Birth Rate", "Black race", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Caring", "Cesarean section", "Clinical", "Consensus", "Data", "Disparity", "Electronic Health Record", "Emergency department visit", "Ensure", "Equity", "Evaluation", "Expert Opinion", "Gestational Diabetes", "Goals", "Guidelines", "Gynecologist", "Health", "Health Services Accessibility", "Hybrids", "Incidence", "Indiana", "Institution", "Interview", "Investigation", "Knowledge", "Low income", "Medical", "Medical Liabilities", "Medical center", "Medicine", "Methods", "Michigan", "Modeling", "Neonatal", "Neonatal Intensive Care Units", "Outcome", "Outpatients", "Patients", "Pattern", "Persons", "Population", "Postpartum Depression", "Postpartum Period", "Pre-Eclampsia", "Pregnancy", "Premature Birth", "Prenatal care", "Provider", "Recommendation", "Research", "Research Design", "Risk", "Risk Factors", "Sampling", "Schedule", "Services", "Site", "Small for Gestational Age Infant", "Strategic Planning", "Subgroup", "Telemedicine", "Telephone", "Time", "Transportation", "United States", "United States National Institutes of Health", "Universities", "Visit", "Woman", "Work", "adverse outcome", "adverse pregnancy outcome", "barrier to care", "black patient", "care delivery", "care outcomes", "design", "econometrics", "experience", "high risk", "improved", "innovation", "intervention effect", "marginalization", "marginalized population", "maternal outcome", "neonatal outcome", "overtreatment", "pandemic disease", "patient population", "pregnant", "prenatal", "provider factors", "rural patients", "service utilization", "tailored health care", "traditional care" ], "approved": true } } ], "meta": { "pagination": { "page": 1385, "pages": 1419, "count": 14184 } } }