Grant List
Represents Grant table in the DB
GET /v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1385&sort=-abstract
{ "links": { "first": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1&sort=-abstract", "last": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1397&sort=-abstract", "next": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1386&sort=-abstract", "prev": "https://cic-apps.datascience.columbia.edu/v1/grants?page%5Bnumber%5D=1384&sort=-abstract" }, "data": [ { "type": "Grant", "id": "10337", "attributes": { "award_id": "1S06GM146094-01", "title": "Evaluation of the Portable Alternative Sanitation System (PASS) on In-Home Water Use and Quality of Life", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [], "start_date": "2022-09-05", "end_date": "2026-07-31", "award_amount": 301720, "principal_investigator": { "id": 3141, "first_name": "Laura P", "last_name": "Eichelberger", "orcid": null, "emails": "[email protected]", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 554, "ror": "https://ror.org/029es6637", "name": "Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "AK", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 554, "ror": "https://ror.org/029es6637", "name": "Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "AK", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "(ABSTRACT) Water-washed diseases (infections related to inadequate water access and poor sanitation) are a preventable public health issue that continues to affect the 1.4 million people in the U.S. who still lack access to basic water and sanitation. The COVID-19 pandemic brought to the forefront a reminder that Native American households are 19 times more likely to lack indoor plumbing than White households. Historically, AN communities with a lower proportion of in-home piped water and sanitation services have disproportionately higher rates of respiratory and skin infections compared to plumbed communities, and these infection rates decreased after the installation of in-home water services in some communities. Inadequate funding, engineering challenges, affordability, and now climate change have hindered the installation and maintenance of centralized piped water and sewer systems in remote Alaska. There is therefore an urgent need to evaluate whether novel, targeted water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions reduce water-wash disease disparities. To address this need, this study will evaluate the impact of a targeted WASH intervention developed specifically for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities, known as the Portable Alternative Sanitation System (PASS), on water use, waste management, water-wash disease and well-being (defined by both biomedical and locally- defined categories) over time in AN households. We will do this through two Specific Aims: 1) Characterize the lived experiences of household water- and sanitation security (HWSS), health, and well-being in remote AN households across the water and sanitation service spectrum using community-based measures and 2) Evaluate the impact of the PASS on in-home water storage and use, quality of life, water security and reliability, and prevalence of water-washed diseases. Through this mixed methods, longitudinal study, we will provide evidence that demonstrates how a targeted WASH intervention affects water-wash diseases, in-home water use and waste management, and overall well-being in AIAN communities. This will also enable tribes, tribal health organizations, and related stakeholders beyond Alaska to evaluate the PASS system to decide if it is appropriate for their own communities. This study builds on our previous work in the community of Kivalina with a greater sample size, comparison of data from piped and unpiped households, and longitudinal data from the post-COVID era. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal evaluation of how an in-home point-of-use water treatment and waterless toilet system affects household water and sanitation security, health, and well-being in an Arctic, Indigenous context.", "keywords": [ "12 year old", "Address", "Affect", "Alaska", "Alaska Native", "American Indians", "Arctic Regions", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Categories", "Child", "Collection", "Communities", "Data", "Defecation", "Disease", "Elderly", "Engineering", "Enrollment", "Evaluation", "Feces", "Funding", "Goals", "Handwashing", "Health", "Home", "Household", "Human", "Hygiene", "Impact evaluation", "Incidence", "Indigenous", "Individual", "Infection", "Infectious Skin Diseases", "Infrastructure", "Intervention", "Longitudinal Studies", "Maintenance", "Measures", "Methods", "Native American Research Center for Health", "Native Americans", "Outcome", "Personal Satisfaction", "Persons", "Pilot Projects", "Plumbing", "Prevalence", "Privacy", "Prospective cohort", "Public Health", "Quality of life", "Reporting", "Respiratory Tract Infections", "Running", "Sample Size", "Sanitation", "Seasons", "Security", "Services", "Smell Perception", "Stress", "Symptoms", "System", "Testing", "Time", "Tribes", "Urine", "Waste Management", "Water", "Woman", "Work", "World Health Organization", "base", "climate change", "design", "disease disparity", "disparity reduction", "experience", "follow-up", "foot", "gastrointestinal infection", "health organization", "hookah", "improved", "infection rate", "men", "novel", "portability", "post-COVID-19", "response", "tribal health", "wasting", "water treatment" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "5696", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R01NR020174-01", "title": "NYC Transit Workers and COVID-19: Impact of Multilevel Interventions", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 19661, "first_name": "AMANDA ALISE", "last_name": "Price", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2021-09-17", "end_date": "2026-06-30", "award_amount": 725664, "principal_investigator": { "id": 19662, "first_name": "ROBYN R.M.", "last_name": "GERSHON", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 167, "ror": "https://ror.org/0190ak572", "name": "New York University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "NY", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "(ABSTRACT) During the COVID-19 pandemic, New York City (NYC) public transportation has been an essential service to assure that other essential workers can get to their jobs. Many of the predominantly racial and ethnic minority transit workers have been exposed to risks at both work and at home, as many workers also reside in high prevalence communities. The pandemic thrust transit workers into the role of frontline workers, even though they lacked the training, experience, supplies, equipment, and supervision typically provided for traditional frontline workers (i.e., health care and first responders). This study, conducted in partnership with the Transport Workers Union (TWU), Local 100, is designed to: (1) evaluate the cumulative impact of multi- level interventions to date on current worker health and resilience; (2) develop and assess a worker-driven model of crisis management to facilitate worker resilience as the pandemic and policy responses evolve (e.g., restore lock-down with resurgence; deployment of vaccine); and (3) disseminate findings to provide input into policy changes and operations to protect non-healthcare essential workers during pandemic events with a focus to decrease health disparities in high-risk populations. To achieve these aims, we propose to conduct serial cross-sectional surveys of a systematic sample of the NYC transit workforce, with the logistical assistance of TWU, representing nearly 40,000 subway and bus workers. Timing of subsequent surveys will be dynamic to capture real-time shifts in the pandemic and ongoing changes in policies and practices that impact transit workers. In the first phase, we will first examine the impact of multilevel interventions already implemented by several entities, including: (a) federal, state, and local governments and agencies; (b) the Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA), the public authority in charge of NYC Transit; and (c) TWU, which provided advocacy, reinforcement of multilevel interventions, referrals, and social support. Guided by a new Pandemic Preparedness and Resilience model and informed by data from our recent transit workers pilot study, the existing multilevel interventions will be mapped onto the NIMHD framework and evaluated to determine their impact on workers’ outcomes (e.g., infection, psychosocial, behavioral, interpersonal relations, resilience), perceived impact of TWU interventions (e.g., advocacy, reinforcement with outreach for education and social support), and individual adoption of recommended practices designed to mitigate community and workplace spread. We will examine potentially moderating effects of age, sex/gender, race, ethnicity, and occupational characteristics of the workers. Initial and subsequent survey data will inform ongoing Participatory Action Research (PAR) teams comprised of academics, workers and other key stakeholders who will formulate data-driven strategies to increase effectiveness of the multilevel interventions and further support worker resilience in the face of shifting pandemic events. Results will be widely disseminated to inform policy changes suggested by study findings.", "keywords": [ "Address", "Adoption", "Advocacy", "Behavioral", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 health disparity", "COVID-19 intervention", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Cessation of life", "Characteristics", "Charge", "Cities", "Collaborations", "Communities", "Community Workers", "Commuting", "Conflict (Psychology)", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Data", "Development", "Education and Outreach", "Effectiveness", "Employment", "Equipment", "Ethnic Origin", "Event", "Exposure to", "Family member", "Federal Government", "Friends", "Gender", "General Population", "Goals", "Government Agencies", "Health", "Health behavior", "Healthcare", "High Prevalence", "Home", "Individual", "Infection", "Interpersonal Relations", "Intervention", "Leadership", "Local Government", "Logistics", "Maps", "Masks", "Measures", "Mental Health", "Modeling", "New York City", "Occupational", "Occupations", "Outcome", "Personal Satisfaction", "Phase", "Pilot Projects", "Policies", "Psychological reinforcement", "Psychosocial Factor", "Public Health", "Quarantine", "Race", "Recording of previous events", "Reporting", "Research", "Research Methodology", "Risk", "Risk Reduction", "Role", "Safety", "Sampling", "Self Efficacy", "Services", "Social Distance", "Social support", "State Government", "Stigmatization", "Subway", "Supervision", "Surveys", "System", "Time", "Training", "Transportation", "Update", "Vaccines", "Verbally abusive behavior", "Virus", "Work", "Workplace", "age effect", "anxious", "authority", "community based participatory research", "community engaged research", "coronavirus disease", "design", "ethnic minority population", "experience", "first responder", "health disparity", "high risk", "high risk population", "hospitalization rates", "infection rate", "member", "metropolitan", "operation", "pandemic disease", "pandemic preparedness", "physical assault", "professional atmosphere", "protective behavior", "psychosocial", "racial and ethnic", "racial minority", "resilience", "response", "risk mitigation", "sex", "uptake", "vaccine distribution" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "5721", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R01AI163216-01", "title": "Developing three-dimensional antisense oligonucleotide drugs against COVID-19", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 19731, "first_name": "Erik J.", "last_name": "Stemmy", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2021-07-19", "end_date": "2026-06-30", "award_amount": 426633, "principal_investigator": { "id": 19732, "first_name": "Feng", "last_name": "Guo", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 818, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "(Abstract) Developing three-dimensional antisense oligonucleotide drugs against COVID-19 The culprit of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has a very large RNA genome that encodes the proteins and RNA elements required for all aspects of viral infection and replication. This property makes the virus vulnerable to a new class of drugs called antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). ASOs are single-stranded synthetic nucleic acids that achieve therapeutic effects by binding to viral or other target RNAs via Watson-Crick base pairing, the very interaction that defines molecular biology and the foundation of life. The first ASO drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is an antiviral against cytomegalovirus. A major challenge of developing ASO antiviral drugs is the strong tendency of RNA to fold into structures that interfere with ASO hybridization. Current ASO design methods do not adequately address this problem. We have developed a structure-based ASO design technology platform that takes advantage of three- dimensional structures of target RNAs. Our “3D-ASOs” recognize not only the sequences but also the shapes of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs. Compared to conventional designs, 3D-ASOs contact viral RNAs more extensively and therefore can achieve greater affinity and specificity. Our technology platform includes four design templates and a 3D-ASO drug development workflow that employs an innovative RNA structure determination method. In a preliminary study, we designed and tested several 3D-ASOs against SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and identified two lead sequences that strongly inhibit viral replication in cultured human cells to a much greater extent than previously reported sequences. In the proposed research, we will optimize the lead 3D-ASOs by altering their backbone modifications and bases for tighter binding and better fit to the viral RNAs and for stronger inhibition to their functions. We will also cast our net wide by designing and testing additional anti-SARS-CoV-2 3D-ASOs. Finally, the most potent 3D-ASOs will be tested in an animal model. If successful, the project will provide ASO drug candidates for clinical trials. These drugs may be given as nasal sprays or via intravenous injection, as treatments or for prevention. The structure-based design technology we will refine is generally applicable to ASO drug development. Therefore, this research has the potential to turn tide on the battlefield against COVID-19 and in our fight with many other diseases.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "3-Dimensional", "Academia", "Address", "Affect", "Affinity", "Algorithms", "Animal Model", "Antisense Oligonucleotides", "Antiviral Agents", "Base Pairing", "Binding", "Biochemical", "Biological Response Modifier Therapy", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "COVID-19 treatment", "Cells", "Cessation of life", "Chemicals", "Clinical Trials", "Communicable Diseases", "Complex", "Cytomegalovirus", "Data", "Development", "Disease", "Elements", "Emergency Situation", "Emerging Communicable Diseases", "Feedback", "Formulation", "Foundations", "Free Energy", "Genetic Transcription", "Genome", "Goals", "Human", "Hydrogen Bonding", "Industry", "Lead", "Life", "Literature", "Methods", "Modification", "Molecular Biology", "Monitor", "Mus", "Mutation", "Nose", "Nucleic Acids", "Oligonucleotides", "Pathogenicity", "Pattern", "Pharmaceutical Preparations", "Phylogenetic Analysis", "Prevention", "Production", "Program Development", "Property", "Proteins", "RNA", "RNA Viruses", "Reporting", "Research", "SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor", "Shapes", "Site", "Specificity", "Structure", "Symptoms", "Technology", "Testing", "Therapeutic Effect", "United States Food and Drug Administration", "Vaccines", "Vertebral column", "Viral", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "Virus Replication", "base", "design", "drug candidate", "drug development", "drug resistant virus", "fighting", "health care availability", "high risk", "improved", "in vivo", "innovation", "innovative technologies", "intravenous injection", "lead optimization", "mouse model", "novel drug class", "novel therapeutics", "pandemic disease", "prevent", "remdesivir", "synthetic nucleic acid", "three dimensional structure", "viral RNA" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "9876", "attributes": { "award_id": "5R01AI163216-02", "title": "Developing three-dimensional antisense oligonucleotide drugs against COVID-19", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 6115, "first_name": "DIPANWITA", "last_name": "Basu", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2021-07-19", "end_date": "2026-06-30", "award_amount": 478737, "principal_investigator": { "id": 10342, "first_name": "Feng", "last_name": "Guo", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 818, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 818, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "(Abstract) Developing three-dimensional antisense oligonucleotide drugs against COVID-19 The culprit of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has a very large RNA genome that encodes the proteins and RNA elements required for all aspects of viral infection and replication. This property makes the virus vulnerable to a new class of drugs called antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). ASOs are single-stranded synthetic nucleic acids that achieve therapeutic effects by binding to viral or other target RNAs via Watson-Crick base pairing, the very interaction that defines molecular biology and the foundation of life. The first ASO drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is an antiviral against cytomegalovirus. A major challenge of developing ASO antiviral drugs is the strong tendency of RNA to fold into structures that interfere with ASO hybridization. Current ASO design methods do not adequately address this problem. We have developed a structure-based ASO design technology platform that takes advantage of three- dimensional structures of target RNAs. Our “3D-ASOs” recognize not only the sequences but also the shapes of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs. Compared to conventional designs, 3D-ASOs contact viral RNAs more extensively and therefore can achieve greater affinity and specificity. Our technology platform includes four design templates and a 3D-ASO drug development workflow that employs an innovative RNA structure determination method. In a preliminary study, we designed and tested several 3D-ASOs against SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and identified two lead sequences that strongly inhibit viral replication in cultured human cells to a much greater extent than previously reported sequences. In the proposed research, we will optimize the lead 3D-ASOs by altering their backbone modifications and bases for tighter binding and better fit to the viral RNAs and for stronger inhibition to their functions. We will also cast our net wide by designing and testing additional anti-SARS-CoV-2 3D-ASOs. Finally, the most potent 3D-ASOs will be tested in an animal model. If successful, the project will provide ASO drug candidates for clinical trials. These drugs may be given as nasal sprays or via intravenous injection, as treatments or for prevention. The structure-based design technology we will refine is generally applicable to ASO drug development. Therefore, this research has the potential to turn tide on the battlefield against COVID-19 and in our fight with many other diseases.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "3-Dimensional", "Academia", "Address", "Affect", "Affinity", "Algorithms", "Animal Model", "Antisense Oligonucleotides", "Antiviral Agents", "Base Pairing", "Binding", "Biochemical", "Biological Response Modifier Therapy", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "COVID-19 treatment", "Cells", "Cessation of life", "Chemicals", "Clinical Trials", "Communicable Diseases", "Complex", "Cytomegalovirus", "Data", "Development", "Disease", "Elements", "Emergency Situation", "Emerging Communicable Diseases", "Feedback", "Formulation", "Foundations", "Free Energy", "Genetic Transcription", "Genome", "Goals", "Human", "Hydrogen Bonding", "Industry", "Lead", "Life", "Literature", "Methods", "Modification", "Molecular Biology", "Monitor", "Mus", "Mutation", "Nose", "Nucleic Acids", "Oligonucleotides", "Pathogenicity", "Pattern", "Persons", "Pharmaceutical Preparations", "Phylogenetic Analysis", "Prevention", "Production", "Program Development", "Property", "Proteins", "RNA", "RNA Viruses", "Reporting", "Research", "SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor", "Shapes", "Site", "Specificity", "Structure", "Symptoms", "Technology", "Testing", "Therapeutic Effect", "United States Food and Drug Administration", "Vaccines", "Vertebral column", "Viral", "Virus", "Virus Diseases", "Virus Replication", "base", "design", "drug candidate", "drug development", "drug resistant virus", "fighting", "health care availability", "high risk", "improved", "in vivo", "innovation", "innovative technologies", "intravenous injection", "lead optimization", "mouse model", "novel drug class", "novel therapeutics", "pandemic disease", "prevent", "remdesivir", "synthetic nucleic acid", "three dimensional structure", "viral RNA" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "5148", "attributes": { "award_id": "1K01AI166347-01A1", "title": "Network Intervention Planning without Actual Network Data for Infectious Disease Control", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 18300, "first_name": "Erik J.", "last_name": "Stemmy", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-02-25", "end_date": "2026-01-31", "award_amount": 134451, "principal_investigator": { "id": 18301, "first_name": "Akihiro", "last_name": "Nishi", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 818, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "(ABSTRACT) Contact network epidemiology is a compelling epidemiologic framework that aims to model dynamic interactions of people over their social networks in order to track infection cascades, especially for communicable diseases. Network-based simulations in contact network epidemiology can incorporate variations in people’s attributes and behaviors (e.g. age, race/ethnicity, wearing a facial mask), their interaction patterns (e.g. homophily or assortativity), and social structures (e.g. social norms and policies including non-pharmaceutical interventions [NPIs]). Although obtaining precise network data is challenging, it can guide us to identify potential working network intervention strategies, which may prove beneficial in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the framework of network interventions, a pilot simulation study proposed alternative NPI strategies to the stay-at-home order, in which transmission is mitigated while people’s socioeconomic activities are sustained (Nishi et al, 2020, PNAS). In the most effective dividing + balancing groups strategy, a social group (e.g. employees of the same workplace and students of the same school) is divided randomly into two subgroups with an equal number to reduce the number of physical contacts. If it is operated in a spatial manner, additional space for the subgroups is prepared; if it is operated in a temporal manner, the two subgroups will engage in their activities during different business hours. Therefore, the strategy would allow people to engage in the same magnitude of economic activities. The strength of the proposed strategy is that it does not require actual network data, which is difficult to obtain in most cases. Following the pilot study, this research seeks to create other novel NPI strategies for infectious disease control (the targets are both COVID-19 and other emerging diseases) (Aim 1). This research also seeks to create novel network intervention strategies for vaccine allocation (Aim 2). The proposed strategies for mitigating an epidemic and optimizing vaccine allocation will not, in principle, require actual network data. Therefore, their potential effect needs to be examined using network-based simulations with realistic assumptions or using other approaches, including mathematical modeling. The utilized social network will be based on a sample city of 10,000 individuals (Nishi et al, 2020, PNAS) and various network structures that are publicly available (the use of secondary data). Moreover, this research will analyze the role of early warning signals (EWS), which has been developed in non-linear dynamical systems in the infectious disease control context. I plan to use the 76 California County COVID-19 data (Aim 3).", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Address", "Application procedure", "Area Under Curve", "Behavior", "Behavioral Sciences", "Blood Circulation", "Businesses", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "California", "Case Fatality Rates", "Cause of Death", "Cessation of life", "Cities", "Communicable Diseases", "Communities", "Conflict (Psychology)", "Country", "County", "Crowding", "Data", "Development", "Diagnosis", "Disease", "Disease Outbreaks", "Early Diagnosis", "Early Intervention", "Economics", "Elderly", "Employee", "Epidemic", "Epidemiology", "Equilibrium", "Ethnic Origin", "Event", "Exhibits", "Face", "Failure", "Fatigue", "France", "Friends", "Friendships", "Goals", "Home", "Hour", "Household", "Individual", "Infection", "Influenza", "Intervention", "Investigation", "Japan", "Knowledge", "Location", "Masks", "Mathematics", "Measures", "Mental Health", "Modeling", "Network-based", "Nonlinear Dynamics", "Pattern", "Persons", "Pilot Projects", "Play", "Public Health", "Quarantine", "RNA vaccine", "Race", "Reproduction", "Research", "Role", "Sampling", "Schools", "Signal Transduction", "Social Network", "Social Policies", "South Korea", "Specific qualifier value", "Structure", "Students", "Subgroup", "Techniques", "Time", "Tuberculosis", "Vaccinated", "Vaccines", "Variant", "Workplace", "base", "disorder control", "dynamic system", "high risk", "improved", "infection risk", "mathematical model", "novel", "novel vaccines", "operation", "pandemic preparedness", "pathogen", "physical conditioning", "public health relevance", "racial and ethnic", "racial and ethnic disparities", "simulation", "social group", "social norm", "social structure", "socioeconomics", "sound", "success", "theories", "transmission process", "vaccine development", "vaccine distribution", "vaccine strategy" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "10900", "attributes": { "award_id": "5K01AI166347-02", "title": "Network Intervention Planning without Actual Network Data for Infectious Disease Control", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 26420, "first_name": "MARY KATHERINE", "last_name": "Bradford", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-02-25", "end_date": "2026-01-31", "award_amount": 134811, "principal_investigator": { "id": 7097, "first_name": "Akihiro", "last_name": "Nishi", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 818, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 818, "ror": "", "name": "UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "CA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "(ABSTRACT) Contact network epidemiology is a compelling epidemiologic framework that aims to model dynamic interactions of people over their social networks in order to track infection cascades, especially for communicable diseases. Network-based simulations in contact network epidemiology can incorporate variations in people’s attributes and behaviors (e.g. age, race/ethnicity, wearing a facial mask), their interaction patterns (e.g. homophily or assortativity), and social structures (e.g. social norms and policies including non-pharmaceutical interventions [NPIs]). Although obtaining precise network data is challenging, it can guide us to identify potential working network intervention strategies, which may prove beneficial in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the framework of network interventions, a pilot simulation study proposed alternative NPI strategies to the stay-at-home order, in which transmission is mitigated while people’s socioeconomic activities are sustained (Nishi et al, 2020, PNAS). In the most effective dividing + balancing groups strategy, a social group (e.g. employees of the same workplace and students of the same school) is divided randomly into two subgroups with an equal number to reduce the number of physical contacts. If it is operated in a spatial manner, additional space for the subgroups is prepared; if it is operated in a temporal manner, the two subgroups will engage in their activities during different business hours. Therefore, the strategy would allow people to engage in the same magnitude of economic activities. The strength of the proposed strategy is that it does not require actual network data, which is difficult to obtain in most cases. Following the pilot study, this research seeks to create other novel NPI strategies for infectious disease control (the targets are both COVID-19 and other emerging diseases) (Aim 1). This research also seeks to create novel network intervention strategies for vaccine allocation (Aim 2). The proposed strategies for mitigating an epidemic and optimizing vaccine allocation will not, in principle, require actual network data. Therefore, their potential effect needs to be examined using network-based simulations with realistic assumptions or using other approaches, including mathematical modeling. The utilized social network will be based on a sample city of 10,000 individuals (Nishi et al, 2020, PNAS) and various network structures that are publicly available (the use of secondary data). Moreover, this research will analyze the role of early warning signals (EWS), which has been developed in non-linear dynamical systems in the infectious disease control context. I plan to use the 76 California County COVID-19 data (Aim 3).", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Address", "Age", "Agreement", "Application procedure", "Area Under Curve", "Behavior", "Behavioral Sciences", "Blood Circulation", "Businesses", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "California", "Case Fatality Rates", "Cause of Death", "Cessation of life", "Cities", "Communicable Diseases", "Communities", "Conflict (Psychology)", "Country", "County", "Crowding", "Data", "Development", "Diagnosis", "Disease", "Disease Outbreaks", "Early Diagnosis", "Early Intervention", "Economics", "Elderly", "Employee", "Epidemic", "Epidemiology", "Equilibrium", "Ethnic Origin", "Event", "Exhibits", "Face", "Failure", "Fatigue", "France", "Friends", "Friendships", "Goals", "Home", "Hour", "Household", "Individual", "Infection", "Influenza", "Intervention", "Investigation", "Japan", "Knowledge", "Location", "Masks", "Mathematics", "Measures", "Mental Health", "Modeling", "Network-based", "Nonlinear Dynamics", "Pattern", "Persons", "Pharmacologic Substance", "Pilot Projects", "Play", "Predisposition", "Public Health", "Quarantine", "RNA vaccine", "Race", "Reproduction", "Research", "Role", "Sampling", "Schools", "Signal Transduction", "Social Network", "Social Policies", "South Korea", "Specific qualifier value", "Structure", "Students", "Subgroup", "Techniques", "Time", "Tuberculosis", "Vaccinated", "Vaccines", "Variant", "Workplace", "disorder control", "dynamic system", "high risk", "improved", "infection risk", "mathematical model", "novel", "novel vaccines", "operation", "pandemic preparedness", "pathogen", "physical conditioning", "public health relevance", "racial and ethnic", "racial and ethnic disparities", "simulation", "social group", "social norm", "social structure", "socioeconomics", "sound", "success", "theories", "transmission process", "vaccine development", "vaccine distribution", "vaccine strategy" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "10574", "attributes": { "award_id": "1C06OD032006-01A1", "title": "Laboratory for Combinatorial Drug Regimen Design for Resistant and Emerging Pathogens", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "NIH Office of the Director" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 23882, "first_name": "CHARLES ASHLEY", "last_name": "Barnes", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2022-09-16", "end_date": "2024-08-31", "award_amount": 5147109, "principal_investigator": { "id": 26596, "first_name": "Linden T", "last_name": "Hu", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 863, "ror": "", "name": "TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MA", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "(a) Overview The past two years have shown that infectious diseases are global threats, revealing an urgent need to improve preparedness to combat unknown pathogens. Furthermore, the alarming increase in infections caused by antimicrobial resistant (AMR; see glossary, below) pathogens in recent years, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, illustrates that we are also on the verge of losing our ability to treat infections caused by known pathogens. Combination drug treatment is the therapeutic mainstay in the treatment of infections caused by several microbial pathogens, including HIV and the tuberculosis bacterium. Still, systematic and efficient development of such treatments for AMR or emerging pathogens is lacking. Tufts University (TU) is proposing to construct a new biomedical research facility, the Laboratory for Combinatorial Drug Regimen Design for Resistant and Emerging Pathogens (LCDRD), to design and develop new combinatorial therapeutic approaches for bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections and to accelerate research on AMR and emerging pandemic pathogens. The LCDRD is designed to facilitate the development of novel treatments for difficult-to-treat infections due to pathogens from both animals and humans. In addition to generating new therapies for AMR or emerging pathogens, this facility will provide diverse, well-characterized human bacterial pathogens with linked clinical data from across ‘Tufts-Medicine’, a state-wide network of hospitals serving diverse populations, for study by academia and industry. The Stuart B. Levy Tufts Center for Integrative Management of Antimicrobial Resistance (CIMAR) unites faculty from TU and Tufts Medical Center (TMC), as well as affiliate members from across the region and nation, with expertise in biomedical research, engineering, human and veterinary medicine, global health, environmental surveillance, policy, and education, to catalyze the development of new combinatorial drug strategies to treat a wide range of pathogens. Working with CIMAR in LCDRD will be the nascent Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Response (CEIDAR), which addresses emerging and expanding infectious disease threats such as insect-borne bacterial and viral pathogens. CEIDAR includes the Tufts Lyme Initiative and utilizes the BSL-3 level Tufts New England Regional Biosafety Laboratory (NERBL) at Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine in Grafton, an important resource for expanding work. Institutions affiliated with CIMAR/CEIDAR span a spectrum of academic and pharmaceutical interests and, although located locally at TU, will enhance transdisciplinary interactions among regional and national investigators and entities. Project Goals: The LCDRD will enable specialized and collaborative work on emerging and resistant microbial pathogens that is required to generate new combinatorial treatments. The facility will: 1) enhance interaction between clinicians and biomedical researchers to generate therapeutic antimicrobial drug regimens, particularly combination therapies, against CDCs urgent and emerging threat pathogens; 2) develop genetic and systems approaches to facilitate ‘personalized medicine’ for patients with difficult-to-treat infection; 3) provide a space where visiting scientists can receive hands-on training, allowing knowledge dissemination intra-institutionally, regionally, nationally, and globally; and 4) increase the national capacity to respond to infectious disease emergencies by providing academic and industrial entities access to libraries of well-characterized isolates for emerging pandemic and AMR pathogens. Affected Space and Requested Equipment: The LCDRD will provide a modern, centralized laboratory and collaboration capacity for a multi-institutional effort to utilize state-of-the-art research technologies to generate and characterize novel drug therapies for pathogens resistant to current therapeutic regimens as well as new pandemic threats. It will provide a specialized and biosecure environment for researchers to work with multi- drug resistant (MDR) and emerging pathogens. It will be built in an existing 2,400 sq. ft. shell space in the Biomedical Research and Public Health Building on the Tufts Health Sciences campus in Boston. The new facility, directly adjacent to Tufts’ existing BSL-3 lab and the laboratories of the PI and a key CIMAR investigator, will be shared by teams of interdisciplinary researchers from four TU schools and TMC, as well as collaborators from other regional and national institutions. Impact on Research and Clinical Practice: The National Health Security Strategy, 2019-2022, states that “the growing incidence of AMR has both public health and national security consequences” and that “expanding the antimicrobial arsenal is a real and immediate requirement to avoid an era of untreatable infectious diseases.” Through centralizing and leveraging our expertise in bacterial, viral, and MDR pathogens, innovative measures of combinatorial drug efficacy, and deep clinical expertise in treatment-resistant infections, the LCDRD will support the nation’s AMR crisis response by generating novel therapies, both at Tufts and in collaboration with other academic and pharmaceutical entities across the country (Fig. 1). LCDRD will be a national center of excellence that makes broadly available well-characterized pathogens with clinical data, allowing for linkage of patient outcomes to strain-level pathogenicity and combination therapy. This will enable a true link from bedside to bench and back—a feedback loop that will maintain a tight translational focus, inform treatment regimens for current and emerging threats, and promote personalized medicine.", "keywords": [ "Academia", "Address", "Affect", "Animals", "Antimicrobial Resistance", "Back", "Bacteria", "Bacterial Infections", "Biomedical Research", "Boston", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Clinical", "Clinical Data", "Collaborations", "Combined Modality Therapy", "Communicable Diseases", "Country", "Development", "Drug Combinations", "Education", "Emergency Situation", "Emerging Communicable Diseases", "Engineering", "Environment", "Equipment", "Faculty", "Feedback", "Genetic", "Glossary", "Goals", "HIV/TB", "Health", "Health Sciences", "Hospitals", "Human", "Incidence", "Industrialization", "Industry", "Infection", "Insecta", "Institution", "Knowledge", "Laboratories", "Libraries", "Link", "Measures", "Medical center", "Medicine", "Modernization", "Multi-Drug Resistance", "Mycoses", "National Security", "New England", "Parasitic infection", "Pathogenicity", "Patient-Focused Outcomes", "Patients", "Pharmaceutical Preparations", "Pharmacologic Substance", "Pharmacotherapy", "Policies", "Population Heterogeneity", "Public Health", "Readiness", "Regimen", "Research", "Research Personnel", "Resistance", "Resources", "Schools", "Scientist", "Security", "System", "Technology", "Therapeutic", "Training", "Treatment Protocols", "Universities", "Veterinary Medicine", "Veterinary Schools", "Viral", "Virus Diseases", "Visit", "Work", "antimicrobial", "antimicrobial drug", "bench to bedside", "clinical practice", "combat", "combinatorial", "design", "drug efficacy", "emerging pathogen", "global health", "improved", "innovation", "interest", "member", "multi-drug resistant pathogen", "novel", "novel therapeutics", "pandemic disease", "pathogen", "pathogenic bacteria", "pathogenic microbe", "pathogenic virus", "personalized medicine", "research facility", "response", "square foot" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "6893", "attributes": { "award_id": "5D43TW010319-07", "title": "Microbiology and Immunology Training for HIV and HIV-Related Research in Uganda (MITHU)", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 8125, "first_name": "GEETHA PARTHASARATHY", "last_name": "Bansal", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2016-05-01", "end_date": "2026-03-31", "award_amount": 298161, "principal_investigator": { "id": 22442, "first_name": "Henry", "last_name": "Boom", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [ { "id": 497, "ror": "https://ror.org/051fd9666", "name": "Case Western Reserve University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "OH", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true } ] }, "other_investigators": [ { "id": 22443, "first_name": "Moses Lutaakome", "last_name": "Joloba", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "awardee_organization": { "id": 497, "ror": "https://ror.org/051fd9666", "name": "Case Western Reserve University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "OH", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "(450 words; 29 lines) This competing renewal builds on the success of the first 4 yrs. of the \"Microbiology and Immunology Training for HIV and HIV-Related Research in Uganda” (MITHU) training program. MITHU addresses capacity building in basic/translational biomedical research on HIV and HIV-related complications in Uganda. Persistence of the HIV epidemic, compounded by the evolving SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and other emerging infections, emphasizes the importance of lab-based research capacity in immunology and molecular microbiology for tracking, prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This capacity requires biomedical faculty at Makerere University (MU) and other institutions in Uganda to train the next generation of biomedical technicians, researchers and faculty. For this competing renewal, MITHU proposes the 5 New Aims. Aim 1. To continue MITHU's success in supporting biomedical MSc training at MU. We propose to continue MSc training as a primary Aim for this next funding cycle. The best MSc students will go on to biomedical PhD training. Aim 2. To expand Biomedical PhD Training at MU by starting a Sandwich PhD program in biomedical sciences with CWRU. We propose a Sandwich PhD where outstanding MSc students will be co-mentored by faculty from MU and CWRU, spend their first yr at CWRU for selected course work in immunology or molecular microbiology, to do lab rotations, and to select CWRU and MU mentors for their thesis project. Thesis research will begin at CWRU and will be completed at MU. This Sandwich PhD program is possible because there are now 9 biomedical research faculty in MU's School of Biomedical Sciences. Six of 9 were trained at CWRU, 2 trained at MU by the Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration and 1 at Univ. of Wash. Aim 3. To continue mentoring of junior biomedical science faculty and providing re-entry support for returning PhD trainees as they establish themselves as biomedical faculty and researchers in Uganda. MITHU will continue to coordinate a mentoring program for junior and senior research scientists with the College of Health Sciences' NURTURE program. MITHU will also continue to provide re-entry support for PhD trainees returning to Uganda. Improved internet access has greatly improved distance-learning and intercontinental interactions, allowing for remote mentoring, lab meetings and journal clubs. Aim 4. To continue to sponsor the yearly short intensive course “Host- Pathogen interactions in HIV, TB and their complications. This popular course is attended by MU biomedical MSc, MMed and PhD students. This course is a mixture of lectures, journal clubs and workshops in which MU- and CWRU-sponsored scientists present the latest biomedical results and methods related to HIV and its complications. Aim 5. To continue to leverage for MITHU the Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration's expertise and infrastructure for HIV and TB research for training in the biomedical sciences of HIV and its complications.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Address", "Biomedical Research", "COVID-19 pandemic", "Collaborations", "Diagnosis", "Distance Learning", "Doctor of Philosophy", "Educational workshop", "Epidemic", "Faculty", "Funding", "HIV", "HIV/TB", "Health Sciences", "Immunology", "Infection", "Infrastructure", "Institution", "Internet", "Journals", "Mentors", "Methods", "Microbiology", "Molecular", "Prevention", "Research", "Research Personnel", "Research Training", "Rotation", "Schools", "Science", "Scientist", "Students", "Training", "Training Programs", "Uganda", "Universities", "Work", "base", "college", "doctoral student", "faculty mentor", "faculty research", "improved", "lectures", "meetings", "next generation", "pathogen", "programs", "success" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "5540", "attributes": { "award_id": "3P20GM103408-21S1", "title": "Idaho INBRE SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance using viral genome sequencing and analyses", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 19242, "first_name": "KRISHAN", "last_name": "ARORA", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2001-09-30", "end_date": "2024-04-30", "award_amount": 737106, "principal_investigator": { "id": 19243, "first_name": "Carolyn Hovde", "last_name": "Bohach", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 984, "ror": "https://ror.org/03hbp5t65", "name": "University of Idaho", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "ID", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "(30-lines) This Idaho INBRE Program Administrative Supplement will fund a surveillance study of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a unique study population. It will leverage the IDeA-built advanced-level bioinformatics infrastructure at the University of Idaho to sequence and analyze the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the state. Idaho is primarily rural, poor, and geographically remote. The state ranks at or near the bottom among all states in the U.S. in health, education, socioeconomic status, and the number of primary-care physicians per capita. The study population will include the University of Idaho and the surrounding region. The University of Idaho has the only repository of SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolates in northern Idaho. Currently, there are 1,782 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples and based on projections, this number will increase to >2,400 over the next months; 2,100 viral genomes will be sequenced, assembled, and coupled with metadata to determine associations with specific times (travel/holidays), gender, and age groups. This data will be used in collaboration with the Idaho Department of Health & Welfare and the COBRE in Matrix in Biology to track the pandemic in rural communities. The entire northern Idaho region is critically missing from the state’s sequencing strategy as almost no commercial labs or hospitals testing for SARS-CoV-2 have saved positive samples. The proposal has three specific aims. Specific Aim 1 will sequence SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the unique Idaho study population and identify variants present over time. Specific Aim 2 will determine if SARS-CoV-2 variants are associated with outbreak events, specific times, and/or statewide travel by a highly mobile university student sub- population undergoing mandatory testing. Specific Aim 3 will determine how SARS-CoV-2 variants in the unique Idaho study population are distributed by gender and age groups. The mandatory university testing removes bias from a large subset of the positive samples and represents a unique opportunity to monitor the appearance and spread of new variants. Previous and ongoing positive viral isolates are or will be appropriately stored and cataloged. CDC/NIH-recommended protocols, standards, and resources for SARS-CoV-2 sequencing and data processing will be used. These analyses will contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, mutation, and the emergence of variants. SARS-CoV-2 variants are a major public health concern as they may increase infection rate, increase disease severity, and/or undermine immunization strategies. This work will advance and improve SARS- CoV-2 variant surveillance in Idaho.", "keywords": [ "2019-nCoV", "Administrative Supplement", "Age", "Appearance", "Bioinformatics", "Biology", "COVID testing", "COVID-19 testing", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Centers of Research Excellence", "Clinical", "Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments", "Collaborations", "Communicable Diseases", "Communities", "Core Facility", "Coupled", "Data", "Deposition", "Disease Outbreaks", "Environment", "Event", "Funding", "Genbank", "Gender", "Genome", "Genomics", "Geography", "Health", "Health Professional", "Health education", "Holidays", "Hospitals", "Idaho", "Immunization", "Influenza", "Institutional Review Boards", "Journals", "Laboratories", "Link", "Mandatory Testing", "Metadata", "Monitor", "Mutation", "Outcome", "Peer Review", "Policies", "Population", "Positioning Attribute", "Primary Care Physician", "Protocols documentation", "Public Health", "Publishing", "Research", "Research Design", "Research Personnel", "Resource Sharing", "Resources", "Rural", "Rural Community", "SARS-CoV-2 genome", "SARS-CoV-2 positive", "SARS-CoV-2 transmission", "SARS-CoV-2 variant", "Sampling", "Sequence Analysis", "Severity of illness", "Socioeconomic Status", "Testing", "Time", "Travel", "United States National Institutes of Health", "Universities", "Variant", "Viral", "Viral Genome", "Work", "age group", "base", "bioinformatics infrastructure", "computerized data processing", "data repository", "data sharing", "genome analysis", "genome sequencing", "improved", "infection rate", "pandemic disease", "programs", "repository", "rural underserved", "study population", "success", "surveillance study", "underserved area", "university student", "viral genomics", "welfare" ], "approved": true } }, { "type": "Grant", "id": "15181", "attributes": { "award_id": "1R21HL168430-01A1", "title": "Next-generation Lasers for Enabling Ultrafast Functional Pulmonary MRI", "funder": { "id": 4, "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "name": "National Institutes of Health", "approved": true }, "funder_divisions": [ "National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)" ], "program_reference_codes": [], "program_officials": [ { "id": 26329, "first_name": "SIDDHARTH KAUP", "last_name": "Shenoy", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] } ], "start_date": "2024-09-01", "end_date": "2026-06-30", "award_amount": 231207, "principal_investigator": { "id": 31764, "first_name": "Eduard", "last_name": "Chekmenev", "orcid": null, "emails": "", "private_emails": "", "keywords": null, "approved": true, "websites": null, "desired_collaboration": null, "comments": null, "affiliations": [] }, "other_investigators": [], "awardee_organization": { "id": 179, "ror": "https://ror.org/01070mq45", "name": "Wayne State University", "address": "", "city": "", "state": "MI", "zip": "", "country": "United States", "approved": true }, "abstract": "(30-line limit) Deadly lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung injury, constrictive bronchiolitis, and pulmonary fibrosis affect >300 million people worldwide and cause ~3 million annual deaths. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic and the lingering effects of Long COVID have exacerbated lung disease morbidity and mortality. Indeed, despite the vast morbidity and mortality of lung diseases, there is currently no widespread clinical imaging modality to perform high-resolution functional lung imaging: CT, conventional MRI, and chest X-ray generally only provide structural images of dense tissues—informing about pathologies like tumors and pneumonia—but yielding little information about lung ventilation, perfusion, alveoli size, gas- exchange efficiency, etc. This state of affairs contrasts with cancer imaging, which includes MRI, CT, ultrasound, mammography, Positron Emission Tomography, which collectively enable early detection, diagnoses, and monitoring response to treatment. Pulmonary functional MRI using hyperpolarized Xenon-129 gas was FDA approved in December 2022 because it enables 3D imaging of lung function on a single breath hold and reports on regional lung ventilation, diffusion, and gas exchange. Despite effectiveness and safety of hyperpolarized Xenon-129 gas MRI to diagnose a wide range of lung diseases, widespread clinical adaptation of this imaging modality faces major translational challenges, including the high cost and complexity of the equipment for production of hyperpolarized Xenon-129 gas. The central and most expensive component (and frequent point of failure) of a xenon-129 hyperpolarizer device is the high-power laser diode array (LDA) that provides the resonant light used to polarize the xenon-129 spins. Current xenon-129 hyperpolarizers employ lasers with ~0.3-nm bandwidths; although a significant improvement from the multi-nanometer linewidths of previous un-narrowed LDAs, it is still several-fold wider than the intrinsic linewidths of atomic absorption lines. This mismatch often results in most of the laser light being wasted. Next-generation lasers have recently become available that can provide unprecedented control of the LDA bandwidth down to ~0.02 nm – an order-of-magnitude improvement over current-generation systems. This advance allows the laser output to be matched to the narrow atomic absorption lines, potentially enabling the Xenon-129 hyperpolarization efficiency to be improved by several fold! If successful, this innovation should lead to the development of substantially more efficient and easier-to-site hyperpolarization instrumentation for clinical-scale production of hyperpolarized Xenon-129 contrast agent. Here, we propose to explore and characterize the Xenon-129 hyperpolarization performance of this next- generation laser technology. We will investigate the utility of tunable laser bandwidth – in addition to tunable wavelength and laser power – for increasing the overall efficiency of our commercialized clinical-scale hyperpolarizer device, with the long-term goal of improving the biomedical community’s access to hyperpolarized Xenon-129 gas contrast agent for functional pulmonary imaging.", "keywords": [], "approved": true } } ], "meta": { "pagination": { "page": 1385, "pages": 1397, "count": 13961 } } }